Analgesic Efficacy of Aloe Vera and Green Tea Mouthwash After Periodontal Pocket Reduction Surgery: A Randomized Split-Mouth Clinical Trial

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of aloe vera and green tea mouthwash for reducing pain after periodontal pocket reduction surgery.Methods: This randomized, split-mouth, double-blind, cross-over clinical trial was carried out on 45 patients between 25 and 50 years of age requiring pocket reduction surgery. Patients underwent bilateral surgeries in two sessions. After the first surgery, the patients were randomized to receive either mouthwash or placebo for 10 days; then, each group used the other product for the same time period. The parameters assessed following each procedure were the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and number of painkillers taken by patients to alleviate postoperative pain. Also, patients were requested to report side effects, if any, after using the mouthwash.Results: The reported postoperative pain score was significantly lower after using the aloe vera and green tea mouthwash compared to the placebo only in the first postoperative day (P=0.002). Furthermore, number of analgesic tablets used in the first postoperative day was significantly lower than that in the control group (P=0.007).Conclusion: Our results indicated that patients experienced significantly less early postoperative pain when they used aloe vera and green tea mouthwash. Thus, its application can be recommended to decrease pain after periodontal pocket reduction surgery

Comparison of the effect of hemihydrate calcium sulfate granules and Cerabone on dental socket preservation: An animal experiment

Background. Early bone loss due to tooth extraction can be significantly reduced by socket preservation. The aim of this study was to compare the in vivo effects of hemihydrate calcium sulfate granules (an alloplastic material) and Cerabone (a bovine-derived xenograft) on socket preservation in dogs. Methods. Six male Mongrel dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=3) for sacrificing and histological evaluation 4 and 8 weeks after a surgery. The second and third premolars on both sides of the lower jaw were extracted surgically. The sockets on one side were filled with Cerabone, and with calcium sulfate on the opposite side. In the slides, the ratio of the area of newly formed bone to the area of the entire cavity, and the ratio of the area of fibrous connective tissue to the area of the entire cavity were measured. The presence of inflammation was also examined. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Sign test and McNemar test were used for statistical analyses (ɑ=0.05). Results. The means of new bone proportion were 11% and 8% for Cerabone and calcium sulfate, respectively (P=0.58). The means of connective tissue proportion were 29% and 33% for Cerabone and calcium sulfate, respectively (P=0.72). No inflammatory cells were observed in the Cerabone group, although 50% of the samples in the calcium sulfate group showed inflammation (P=0.50). Conclusion. The effects of calcium sulfate and Cerabone on socket preservation in dogs on bone formation, fibrous connective tissue and inflammation levels were not significantly different at 4- and 8-week postoperative intervals

Effect of Topical Antibiotic around Implant Cover Screw on the Prevention of Crestal Bone Resorption Using Fractal Analysis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

The presence of peri-implant inflammation can lead to the loss of implant if extended to the bone. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of diseases around the implant. The present study aimed to assess the effect of topical antibiotics on the prevention of implant crestal bone resorption using fractal analysis. Methods: A total of 30 patients with a mean age of 41.4 ±4.2 years and in need of dental implants were randomly assigned to three groups (n=10). The first and second test groups received 0.5% erythromycin ointment and 0.3% gentamicin, while the control group received no antibiotics. To evaluate the degree of crestal bone resorption around dental implants at baseline and three months later, a phosphor plate radiograph was taken and fractal analysis was then performed to determine the degree of resorption. Results: The comparison with the fractal changes between the two time intervals demonstrated that there were no significant differences in all three groups (P>0.05). There was a significant difference among the three groups in the fractal dimension (FD) index just after the implant placement (P=0.03). The control group was significantly different from the erythromycin and gentamicin groups in terms of FD index immediately after implant placement. Nonetheless, there was no significant difference between the erythromycin and gentamicin groups (P=0.07). There was no significant difference in FD among the three groups three months after implant placement. Conclusion: Using topical antibiotics did not affect bone resorption after three months of implant placement

Chemical Preparation of Beta Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Granules with a Special Particle Size as Bone Graft Material

Introduction: Beta calcium sulfate hemihydrate (BCSH), which is commonly known as “Gypsum plaster” has long been used as bone graft material because of its excellent biocompatibility and the ability for bone regeneration. Several methods have been used for the preparation of BCSH, including heat treatment of calcium sulfate dihydrate with water, application of inorganic acids or condensed inorganic salt solutions under high or atmospheric pressure. As a bone graft, it is preferred that the BCSH powder has a granular form for the purpose of manipulation, bio-mechanical properties and ease of injection. Methods: For this study granules of BCSH in the size of 500 to 700 micrometers were manufactured and sterilized using gamma ray. For assessing the regeneration of thismaterial, six rabbits were selected and granules were injected in the bone defects that were made using diamond bur in their skull under general anesthesia. Biopsies for histological evaluations were done 3, 6, 9, 12, 14 and 16 months following surgery. Results: At the third month time-point, remodeling of the BCSH was evident, and complete newly formed bone was seen in the region of the defect. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that BCSH had a good biocompatibility without inducing an inflammatory response and promoted bone healing

Evaluation of Periodontal Indices Following Use of Two Incision Techniques in Apical Surgery

Introduction: It is important to preserve epithelial and connective tissue attachment at its original level after periapical surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the periodontal parameters after using the papilla base flap and the sulcular full-thickness flap procedures. Methods: Fourteen healthy patients with no periodontal disease referred for surgical treatment of periapical lesions, were included in this study. Periodontal parameters were measured preoperatively and at one-month postoperative interval. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. A sulcular full-thickness flap procedure was performed in the first group and papilla base flap procedure in the second. Data were analyzed using t-test, Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The sulcular full-thickness flap procedure resulted in a significant decrease in papilla height and an increase in recession of marginal gingiva compared to the papilla base flap technique. There were no significant differences between the two flap procedures in bleeding on probing, attachment loss, probing depth and gingival index. Conclusion: The use of papilla base flap technique is recommended to prevent opening of the inter-proximal space, aesthetic and biologic problems after apical surgery

Comparative evaluation of Green Tea- Aloe Vera mouthwash and chlorhexidine 0.2% on gingival indices (A randomized clinical trial)

Introduction: Nowadays in the field of dentistry, there is a trend to encourage the use of herbal and natural products. The high level of clinical research in terms of considering green tea and aloe vera, with various functionality for individual use is a typical example. The purpose of this randomized, controlled, and double-blind study was to evaluate comparative evaluation of green tea-aloe vera mouthwash and chlorhexidine 0.2% on gingival indices. Methods: A total of 60 patients (26 women and 34 men) with periodontal disease were randomly allocated into one of the three double blind groups, 20 in each, to receive the following treatments :(1) 0.2% chlorhexidine, (2) green tea-aloe vera and  (3) distilled water. Plaque and gingival indices were evaluated on the day of the beginning of the experiment and 14 days postoperative. Subjects were asked to rinse their mouth with the mouth rinse, twice a day, during a 14-day period. Paired t-test was used to test the mean difference on 0 and 14 days, respectively. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean difference between the groups while Tukey test was used for multiple comparisons. Results: Chlorhexidine 0.2%, green tea - aloe vera and placebo reduced the plaque index by 0.17±0.14, 0.10±0/08 and 0.02±0.18, respectively, with a statistical significance of p=0.008. This difference was related to Chlorhexidine 0.2% and green tea - aloe vera with Placebo. There exist a significant difference of p=0.001 in the bleeding index  between the three groups, and this difference was related to Chlorhexidine 0.2% and green tea - aloe vera with placebo. Conclusion: Green tea –aloe vera   mouthwash improves periodontal health status. Therefore, it can be used to improve oral and dental health status

Comparative evaluation of Green Tea- Aloe Vera mouthwash and chlorhexidine 0.2% on gingival indices (A randomized clinical trial)

Introduction: Nowadays in the field of dentistry, there is a trend to encourage the use of herbal and natural products. The high level of clinical research in terms of considering green tea and aloe vera, with various functionality for individual use is a typical example. The purpose of this randomized, controlled, and double-blind study was to evaluate comparative evaluation of green tea-aloe vera mouthwash and chlorhexidine 0.2% on gingival indices. Methods: A total of 60 patients (26 women and 34 men) with periodontal disease were randomly allocated into one of the three double blind groups, 20 in each, to receive the following treatments :(1) 0.2% chlorhexidine, (2) green tea-aloe vera and  (3) distilled water. Plaque and gingival indices were evaluated on the day of the beginning of the experiment and 14 days postoperative. Subjects were asked to rinse their mouth with the mouth rinse, twice a day, during a 14-day period. Paired t-test was used to test the mean difference on 0 and 14 days, respectively. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean difference between the groups while Tukey test was used for multiple comparisons. Results: Chlorhexidine 0.2%, green tea - aloe vera and placebo reduced the plaque index by 0.17±0.14, 0.10±0/08 and 0.02±0.18, respectively, with a statistical significance of p=0.008. This difference was related to Chlorhexidine 0.2% and green tea - aloe vera with Placebo. There exist a significant difference of p=0.001 in the bleeding index  between the three groups, and this difference was related to Chlorhexidine 0.2% and green tea - aloe vera with placebo. Conclusion: Green tea –aloe vera   mouthwash improves periodontal health status. Therefore, it can be used to improve oral and dental health status

Evaluation of Subgingival Dental Plaque Microbiota Changes In Fixed Orthodontic Patients with Syber Green Real Time PCR

Introduction: One of the most common problems we confront in orthodontic therapy is periodontal diseases. Initial factor which causes these diseases is colonization of anaerobic microorganisms in subgingival plaque. Technically, local environmental changes related to orthodontic band and brackets may influence the bacterial species in periodontal plaque. However, it seems necessary to assess variations in subgingival plaque caused by orthodontic appliances. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in subgingival microbiota and clinical parameters before and after bracket placement. Methods: Clinical parameters including probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival index (GI) were recorded and subgingival microbial samples were collected in 30 people aged between 13 and 25. As a control group, 15 persons getting matched as to their age and sex with no need to orthodontic treatment were opted using specific primers, SYBER Green Real-Time PCR was carried out in order to determine bacterial flora in stored samples. All mentioned procedures were reassessed in experimental group and in control group three months after band and bracket bonding. A descriptive analysis was conducted, and paired t test and Wilcoxon test were used for differences between groups (