Review: Anaerobic Biotechnology for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

There has been the microbiological formation of methane since ages in many diverse habitats such as paddies, marshes, hot springs, benthic deposits, deep ocean trenches, pigs, trees, cattle, termites, iguanas and human beings. Anaerobic digestion has been proved as the most appropriate technique for the treatment of high strength organic effluents. This technique is more reliable and advanced as compared to the conventional water treatment procedures. It uses very less amount of chemicals and treats the wastes in a facile and effective manner and has been considered as an attractive option for effluents treatment. The anaerobic technology causes the decrease of high level of waste materials and different reactors were developed for this particular purpose. It generates best level of fuels used as biogas. The biogas produced in anaerobic digestion burns cleanly and the biogas plants make more energy than they consume to operate, whereas the energy produced by aerobic digestion is very much lower than that produced by anaerobic digestion

The Effectiveness of Teaching Physics through Project Method on Academic Achievement of Students at Secondary Level -A Case Study

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of teaching Physics through project method on academic achievement of secondary schools students in the subject of Physics. In this study, an achievement test (pre-test/post-test) covering eight chapters were used as measuring instrument. Depending upon pre academic achievement test scores, eighty (80) science students of 10th class were divided into two equal groups named as experimental group and control group. The experimental group was taught through project method and the control group was taught by traditional lecture method. Both the groups were taught for a period of six weeks (40 minutes period per day). The Post test was administered at end of treatments. The marks obtain in Pretest and Posttest of both groups served as data of this study.The analysis of data revealed that on whole, experimental group showed better performance than controlled group. Furthermore the experimental group performed significantly better than control group in learning domain (knowledge, comprehension, and application and skill developments). The results this study indicated that teaching Physics through Project method was more effective as compared to traditional lecture method at secondary level. Keywords: Physics teaching, Project method, traditional teaching lecture method and academic achievement

Efficacy Of Cyproterone Acetate And Drosperinone Containing Cocps In Treatment Of Hirsutism In Patients With PCOS

Introduction: Hirsutism is a condition characterized by excess hair growth on the face, chest, and/or back in women and it is often caused by an imbalance of hormones, such as androgens. OCPs prove to be effective in reducing hirsutism in patients with PCOS by inhibiting the production of androgens and decreasing the activity of androgen receptors. OCPs may have additional benefits for patients with PCOS, such as regulating menstrual cycles, improving fertility, and reducing the risk of endometrial cancer. However, OCPs may not be suitable for all women with PCOS. Methods: The study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of these OCPs in reducing hirsutism in PCOS patients. In the study, 80 participants were included, 40 in the intervention group and 40 in the control group. The intervention group received a combination oral contraceptive pill containing cyproterone acetate and drosperinone (COCP) for a period of 6 months, while the control group received a placebo. Hirsutism was assessed at baseline and at the end of the 6-month treatment period using the Ferriman-Gallwey score. The primary outcome measure was the change in Ferriman-Gallwey score from baseline to the end of the treatment period. Results: The study found that OCPs containing cyproterone acetate and drosperinone were more effective in reducing hirsutism in patients with PCOS compared to OCPs containing levonorgestrel. Conclusion: It is important to note that OCPs may not be appropriate for all women with PCOS, therefore it's crucial to explore the risks and advantages with a healthcare professional before beginning therapy

Comparison Of Outcome And Side Effects Profile Of Treatment Of Overactive Bladder With Different Classes Of Drugs

Objective: Overactive Bladder (OAB) is a common condition characterized by urinary urgency, frequency, and incontinence. Anticholinergics, beta-3 agonists, and mirabegron are commonly used to manage OAB symptoms. Anticholinergics are effective but may cause side effects such as dry mouth, constipation, and drowsiness. Beta-3 agonists, like Mirabegron, are a viable option for individuals seeking to avoid these side effects. Methods: A study of 45 female patients with OAB symptoms was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of two cross-over protocols. Group A received mirabegron followed by solifenacin, and group B received mirabegron followed by solifenacin. Results: The results showed that both treatments were effective in reducing the symptoms of OAB as measured by the IPSS, OABSS, and VAS scores for emergency and distention. The side effects of dry mouth and constipation were relatively mild. However, a p-value of 0.007 shows that there was no significant difference in effectiveness and side effects between the two groups. Conclusion: Both treatment options can be effective for OAB, but each has specific disadvantages. Consulting with a healthcare provider is important to determine the best treatment option based on an individual's specific needs and medical history

A Review of antihyperlipidemic effect of synthetic phenolic compounds

It is seen that most of the deaths are occurring due to diseases of cardiovascular system. There is a significant impact of lifestyle changes on the quality of health. Utilization of food highly rich with saturated fat and having low fiber content is one of the factors of disarray in energy balance. It is now evinced that hyperlipidemia is depicted as a major risk factor for the premature development of atherosclerosis and its cardiovascular complications. The prevalence of obesity has doubled in the past 25 years; today, two-thirds of adults are overweight in the United State [1]

Biological Activities of Stem, Leaves and Essential Oil of Cedrus deodara from District Poonch, Rawalakot Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D. Don) Loudon, is a high value medicinal plant found in flora of Poonch part of Himalayan region. The present study was conducted to determine and compare the antioxidant activity, quantification of phenolics and flavonoids, chelating ability, biofilm inhibition, thrombolytic activity and cytotoxicity of the stem, leaves of crudes extracts and essential oil. It can be claimed that that all parts of C. deodara including its essential oil is a rich source of phytochemicals that exhibited high quantity of phenolics ranged from (49.76±0.22 GAE to 60.36±0.44GAE mg/g) and flavonoids ranged from (4.78±0.61mg/g to 6.62±0.45 mg/g)but also exhibited antioxidant, metal chelating agent ability, antibacterial potential ranged from (35.59±0.50 to 61.61±0.61%)and thrombolytic activities ranged from (22.86±0.7 to 32. 64±0.5 %)with minimal toxicity ranged from (0.40±0.35 to 3.73±0.23%). Further studies are required to determine the bioactive compounds and bioactivity of plant extracts and fractions

Identification of the Educational Problems at Higher Secondary Schools of Lahore

This study was conducted with the aim to find out educational problems faced by the teachers at higher secondary level by keeping in mind their most common issues regarding discipline, books, environment regarding teaching and learning, conduction of exams. This study was descriptive in nature and survey method was used to identify the higher secondary teachers’ perceptions about educational problems that they faced. The sample has been selected while using the convenient sampling technique. The total 215 teachers were working in the boys’ HSCs selected as the sample. On the other hand 282 female teachers have been selected for the study as a sample. The researcher collected the data while adapting the close ended questionnaire developed by (Ayub, 2014). There are 32 items included in the aforementioned research questionnaire. The descriptive statistics percentage and Mann Whitney U test was applied by the researcher to analyze the data. In the light of findings of current study it is concluded that the educational problems exist at Higher Secondary schools Lahore. However, the teachers replied that they try to resolve the students’ problem by discussing the issues with their colleagues, principals and most importantly with students as well. It was also concluded that there was no mean score difference in male and female teachers regarding the existence of problems faced at Higher Schools Lahore