ISODATA classification using Fuzzy Logic

In current days remote sensing is mainly recent application in many sectors. Remote Sensing (RS) refers to the science of identification of earth surface facet and analysis of their geo-biophysical property via electromagnetic emission as a model for interaction. Spectral, spatial, temporal and polarization signatures are key features of the sensor/target, which make easy target bias. Earth surface data seen by the sensors in altered wavelengths (reflected, scattered and/or emitted) is radio metrically and geometrically right by extraction of spectral data. RS data is a synoptic read, pedestrian exposure with calibrate sensors to work out changes, observations at various resolutions, deals with a alternative for normal resources management as compare to standard methods. This remote sensing utilizes dissimilar images like multispectral, hyper spectral or ultra-spectral. The remote sensing image classification is being of the significant methods to sort image. In order to state we classify the ISODATA classification amid fuzzy logic. In this we experimenting fuzzy logic be affectionate of spatial, spectral texture methods in that dissimilar sub methods to be worn for image classification

IN SILICO DESIGN AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF SOME 1, 2-BENZISOXAZOLE DERIVATIVES FOR THEIR ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY

Objective: In silico design and molecular docking of 1,2-benzisoxazole derivatives for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity using computational methods.Methods: In silico molecular properties of 1,2-benzisoxazole derivatives were predicted using various software's such as Chemsketch, Molinspiration, PASS and Schrodinger to select compounds having optimum drug-likeness, molecular descriptors resembling those of standard drugs and not violating the ‘Lipinski rule of 5'. Molecular docking was performed on active site of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (PDB: 2KSR) for analgesic activity and COX-2 (PDB: 6COX) for anti-inflammatory activity using Schrodinger under maestro molecular modelling environment.Results: From the results of molecular docking studies of 1,2-benzisoxazole derivatives, all the compounds showed good binding interactions with Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and COX-2. Compounds 4a and 4c showed highest binding scores (-7.46 and-7.21 respectively) with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and exhibited maximum analgesic activity. Compound 4a showed highest binding score (-7.8) with COX-2 and exhibited maximum anti-inflammatory activity.Conclusion: All the derivatives of 1,2-benzisoxazole showed good analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity as predicted using molecular docking on respective receptors

Sublingual Drug Delivery Systems- Faster Therapeutic Action Dosage Forms

Sublingual means “under the tongue” refers to administrating substances through mouth such that the substance is absorbed rapidly via blood vessels under the tongue. It outweighs orally ingested tablets in rapid onset of action and better patient compliances. The amount of drug absorbed through sublingual blood vessels bypasses hepatic first pass metabolic process giving more bioavailability. These days people lead short period of action so sublingual is the most suitable form of administration. New sublingual technologies address many pharmaceutical and patient desires and convenient dosing for all age groups. Keywords: Sublingual route and patient compliance, dysphagia, sublingual technologies

SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME 1, 2-BENZISOXAZOLE DERIVATIVES

Objective: A series of 1, 2-Benzisoxazole derivatives were synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques like Melting point, Rf, FTIR, and NMR spectra.Methods: Structures of the compounds were elucidated and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by HRBC membrane stabilization method, antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by cup plate method.Results: The compounds 4a and 4e showed good anti-inflammatory activity compared with standard drug Diclofenac sodium and compounds 4b and 4d showed good antibacterial activity on compared with standard drug Gentamycin.Conclusion: These compounds may serve as future leads for anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drug discovery

The electrical performance of modern compact fluorescent lamps

Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) are highly non-linear devices which are likely to experience very high growth in penetration levels, especially in domestic environments, in Australia over the next 2 – 3 years. This will occur due to the decision taken by the Australian Federal Government to ban the sale of incandescent light globes after 2009 as measures towards meeting the needs for demand side management and climate change abatement. While CFL technology has been in existence since the late 1980s penetration levels are now increasing to a point where the total CFL load cannot be considered negligible compared to other non-linear domestic loads. This paper seeks to redress the lack of concise data available describing the performance of modern CFLs over a range of influence factors such as input voltage magnitude and harmonic distortion. It seeks to provide definitive characterisation of the modern CFL in terms of harmonic and power factor performance over a range of input supply conditions. This aim is achieved through laboratory testing of 25 CFLs of different brands, construction types and rated power levels

Optically Multiplexed Systems: Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Optical multiplexing is the art of combining multiple optical signals into one to make full use of the immense bandwidth potential of an optical channel. It can perform additional roles like providing redundancy, supporting advanced topologies, reducing hardware and cost, etc. The idea is to divide the huge bandwidth of optical fiber into individual channels of lower bandwidth, so that multiple access with lower-speed electronics is achieved. This chapter focuses on one of the most common and important optical multiplexing techniques, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The chapter begins with a quick historical account of the origin of optical communication and its exponential growth following the invention of erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) leading to the widespread adoption of WDM. Alternate multiplexing schemes are also briefly discussed, including time-division multiplexing (TDM), space-division multiplexing (SDM), etc. A typical WDM link and its components are then discussed with special focus on WDM Mux/demultiplexer (DeMux). Further, certain challenges in this field are addressed along with some potential solutions. The chapter concludes by highlighting some features and limitations of optically multiplexed WDM systems

Atividade de peroxidase de três populações de "Switchgrass" (Panicum virgatum L.) em resposta à injúria do pulgão-verdedos-cereais (Schizaphis graminum) (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

?Switchgrass? é uma gramínea que tem recebido atenção especial como uma cultura bioenergética nos EUA. Os pulgões foram relatados como uma praga potencial em populações desta gramínea e não está claro como a manipulação genética para uma melhor produção de bioenergia afetará a capacidade da planta em tolerar a injuria deste inseto. Portanto, os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar o teor de proteína total e atividade de peroxidase de três populações de ?switchgrass? (Kanlow, KxS e Summer) a injuria pelo pulgão-verde-dos-cereais