Flowable bulk-fill materials compared to nano ceramic composites for class I cavities restorations in primary molars: A two-year prospective case-control study

Background: The aim of this split-mouth study is to compare the results of 24 months’ clinical performance of primary molar Class I restorations with a nano-ceramic composite, Ceram•X mono (Dentsply) with a flowable bulk-fill material regular viscosity, SDR (Dentsply). Methods: Following the ethical approval, 27 patients with at least two class I cavities in primary molars were included in the study. A total number of 54 restorations were conducted (n = 27 for Ceram X and n = 27 for SDR). Restorations were evaluated at baseline, 6, 18, and 24 months, according to the modified Ryge criteria. The cavosurface marginal discoloration and color match were evaluated visually after air-drying the tooth and after removing the plaque (if necessary). Results: At 24 months’ follow-up, 54 restorations showed similar clinical performance. The statistical analysis did not reveal any statistical significance in the values between the groups in 7 out of 7 modified Ryge criteria. However, two restorations in both groups received Bravo ratings in the cavosurface marginal discoloration scoring. No side effects were reported by the participants of the study. Conclusion: Restorations with both materials (Ceram•X mono and SDR) have provided almost identical results. © 2019 by the authors.Government Council on Grants, Russian Federation: 02.AAAA-A18-118020690020-1Funding: Partly the study was supported by the Government contract of Russian Federation with Institute of Immunology and Physiology (AAAA-A18-118020690020-1) and by the Act 211 of the Government of Russian Federation, contract No 02.A03.21.0006

INFLUENCE OF A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUND FROM SUBSTITUTED THIADIAZINES ON TRANSAMINASE ACTIVITY IN MYOCARDIAL HOMOGENATE IN EXPERIMENTAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Objective: Earlier works have reported on the effectiveness of the compounds of the group of substituted 5R1, 6R2, 3,4-thiadiasine-2-amines for treating experimental myocardial infarction, conditioned by the immune-modifying action of the compound. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the action of the L17 compound of the group of substituted 5R1, 6R2, 3,4-thiadiasine-2-amines on the extent of injury and the possible recurrence of experimental myocardial infarction by the dynamic assessment of transaminase activity in blood and myocardial homogenate (tissue).Methods: Modelling of myocardial infarction in rats was performed in accordance with the author's modification of the standard ligation model. Tissue enzyme activity of LDH and CK-MB was evaluated at days 1, 7, and 14.Results: According to the results, the decrease in LDH 1-2 activity in tissue (after experimental myocardial infarction) corresponded to the increase in enzyme activity in blood on the first day of the experiment. However, on the seventh day of the experiment, the decrease of LDH 1-2 activities in the tissue of animals treated with L17 compound corresponded with the decrease of LDH activity in blood, while in non-treated animals the relation between the enzyme levels in blood and tissue was typical for the onset of MI.Conclusions: The evaluation of enzyme levels in myocardial tissue confirms previouslyreported data that the administration of a thiadiazine compounds prevents the recurrence and decreases the size of experimental myocardial infarction.Â

New insights in to the treatment of myocardial infarction

This study investigated the effects of the L-17 compound of the group of substituted 5R1, 6H2-1,3,4-thiadiazine-2-amines on the inflammatory cellular infiltration and myocardial remodelling which occurs after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. The study is based upon recent clinical and experimental work which demonstrated the role of local and systemic inflammatory reactions in postinfarction remodelling. Acute MI in rats was induced by left coronary artery coagulation. Animals were sacrificed on day one, five and seven after MI induction. The myocardiumal samples were taken from all parts of the heart and examined by histology. This included areas of infarction, infraction and areas that were peri-infarctiom and left ventricular areas distant from the damaged tissues. Serum activity of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), isoenzymes 1 and 2 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH1-2) were investigated on the same three days, before and in the process of MI development was investigated (at days 1, 5 and 7). The L-17 compound to not only decreased the area of initial infarction but also changed the pattern of inflammatory reaction in the affected myocardium fundamentally. Laboratory studies of effects of L-17 compound on the development and course of experimental MI showed that administration decreased blood AST and CPK levels significantly and provided useful the data about the correlation between the activity of these enzymes and the dimensions of the significantly necrotic area. In this model of experimental MI the use of the L-17 compound induced led to the replacement of the exudative destructive inflammation that is seen under standard conditions with a more cellular "productive" pattern of inflammation, with associated reduction in initial necrosis area and the, decrease in myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion injury may account for the accelerated repair process. © 2012 The Authors. International Journal of Experimental Pathology © 2012 International Journal of Experimental Pathology

Neurocirculatory dystonia or Da Costa's syndrome. The history of study

The review provides information about the main stages of the study of neurasthenia (da Costa syndrome) from the end of XIX to the XX century. The basic stages and approaches to studying the disease are described. In addition, the difference in approaches between the American, European, Eastern and Russian schools are revealed.В обзоре представлены сведения об основных этапах изучения нейроциркуляторной астении в период с конца XIX до XX века. Выделены основные этапы и подходы к изучению данного заболевания. Показана разница в подходах между американской, европейской,восточной и российской школах

Effects of 1,3,4-thiadiazine compound with antidepressant properties in ligation model of acute pancreatitis

Based on hypotheses concerning the role of stress in acute pancreatitis development, the experimental approach for the decrease stress damage via the use the compound with proven antistress/neuroleptic action was conducted. The study was aimed to discover 2-morpholino-5-phenyl-6H-1,3,4-thiadiazine hydrobromide (compound L-17) therapeutic action in experimental acute pancreatitis. The experimental model used was the ligation model. The trial was carried out on 50 male Wistar rats with average body weight 180-240g. Histological picture of the pancreas was studied and biochemical and enzyme-immunoassays were carried out on the first and seventh days. The significant reduction in mortality on the background of L-17 compound administration was observed. While levels of all cytokines increased in induced experimental acute pancreatitis groups, the cytokine level rise was decreased when compound L-17 was administered. On the cellular level, the study revealed L-17’s ability to prevent granulocytosis and decrease granulocytes infiltration to inflammatory foci. The decrease in inflammatory reaction magnitude and prevention of abscess formation in experimental acute pancreatitis accompanied by sistemic inflamamtion was due to L-17’s ability to reduce neutrophilia and neutrophil entry into the injury zone. © 2018, Slovak Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.Government Council on Grants, Russian FederationMinistry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: 17.7255.2017/8.9AAAA-A18-118020690020-1Funding information. Partly the study was supported by the Act 211 of the Government of Russian Federation, contract No 02.A03.21.0006; Government contract of Russian Federation with Institute of Immunology and Physiology (AAAA-A18-118020690020-1) and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (# 17.7255.2017/8.9)

Mononuclear phagocyte system. Development and activation of macrophages

Traditionally mononuclear phagocyte system was considered as a system that provides mostly the reactions of immune response, but more recently with enough data been accumulated, the understanding of its functions extended greatly. With the new experimental data, the change in ideas about the origin and even the composition of the cells in the system was occurred. The review is devoted to actual topic—the formation of mononuclear phagocyte system. Special attention is given to monocytes and macrophage's activation as the modulator of their future functions. The review article is based on the data from contemporary works.Традиционно система фагоцитирующих мононуклеаров рассматривается как система, обеспечивающая, прежде всего, реакции иммунного ответа, однако в последнее время накопилось достаточное количество данных, расширяющих представления о ее функциях. С появлением нового экспериментального материала, меняются и представления о происхождении и даже составе клеток, входящих в систему. Данный обзор посвящен основным особенностям образования клеток системы. Особое внимание уделяется свойствам и направлению развития моноцитов крови и системе активации макрофагов, как основному процессу, модулирующей их функции. Обзор базируется на данных экспериментальных и клинических работ

Pharmacologic Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity and Synthesis of 2-Morpholino-5-phenyl-6H-1,3,4-thiadiazine Hydrobromide

Substituted thiadiazines exert a reliable therapeutic effect in treating stress, and a schematic description of their ability to influence all aspects of a stress response has been depicted. This study was conducted to pharmacologically evaluate compound L-17, a substituted thiadiazine, (2-morpholino-5-phenyl-6H-1,3,4-thiadiazine, hydrobromide) for possible anti-psychotic/antidepressant activity. Compound L-17 was synthesized by cyclocondensation of α-bromoacetophenone with the original morpholine-4-carbothionic acid hydrazide. Pharmacologic evaluations were conducted using methods described by E.F. Lavretskaya (1985), and in accordance with published guidelines for studying drugs for neuroleptic activity. Compound L-17 was evaluated for various possible mechanisms of action, including its effects on cholinergic system agonists/antagonists, dopaminergic neurotransmission, the adrenergic system, and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors. One or more of these mechanisms may be responsible for the beneficial effects shown by thiadiazine compounds in experiments conducted to evaluate their activity in models of acute stress and acute myocardial infarction

Immunomodulatory Action of Substituted 1,3,4-Thiadiazines on the Course of Myocardial Infarction

This review focuses on the biological action of the compounds from the group of substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazines on stress response and myocardial infarction. The aim of this review is to propose the possible mechanisms of action of 1,3,4-thiadiazines and offer prospectives in the development of new derivatives as therapeutic agents. It is known, that compounds that have biological effects similar to those used as antidepressants can down-regulate the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, up-regulate the release of anti-inflammatory ones and affect cell recruitment, which allows them to be considered immunomodulators as well. The results of pharmacological evaluation, in silico studies, and in vivo experiments of several compounds from the group of substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazines with antidepressant properties are presented. It is proposed that the cardioprotective effects of substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazines might be explained by the peculiarities of their multi-target action: the ability of the compounds to interact with various types of receptors and transporters of dopaminergic, serotonergic and acetylcholinergic systems and to block the kinase signal pathway PI3K-AKT. The described effects of substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazines suggest that it is necessary to search for a new agents for limiting the peripheral inflammatory/ischemic damage through the entral mechanisms of stress reaction and modifying pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling pathways in the brain