Summary of reasons for screen-outs and exclusion from analysis by site.

<p>Percentages shown as a proportion of either total screened (above), or total enrolled (below)</p><p>* Volunteers may be excluded for multiple reasons therefore columns may sum to >100%</p><p>** Systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg</p><p>*** Including headaches, cough, fever, suspected and confirmed malaria</p><p>**** Active STI, including candidiasis, one possible HSV-1 infection, lower abdominal pain in women, and Bartholin's abscess</p>‡<p>Including suspected and confirmed TB, pneumonia</p>†<p>Includes 125/184 (67.9%) medical exclusions not linked to infectious disease (e.g., trauma, diabetes, cancer)</p>§<p>Includes 4/17 (23.5%) medical exclusions not linked to infectious disease (3 peripheral neuropathy and 1 inebriation at time of visit)</p

Screened, enrolled and analyzed volunteers by site and gender.

<p>Screened, enrolled and analyzed volunteers by site and gender.</p

Map of study sites showing source populations, elevation (meters above sea level) and target enrolment.

<p>Map of study sites showing source populations, elevation (meters above sea level) and target enrolment.</p

Equivalent numbers of men and women aged 18-60 were screened for this study.

<p>Among the 2,990 volunteers screened, 2,387 were enrolled, and a further 263 were excluded from analysis leaving a final study cohort of 2,124 volunteers.</p

Chemistry results, U.S.-based comparison intervals, and out of range (OOR) values

*<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0004401#pone.0004401-Kratz1" target="_blank">[22]</a></p>‡<p>The number and percent of African values outside the U.S.-based comparison interval</p>1<p>Excludes women from Kilifi</p>2<p>Excludes men from Masaka</p>3<p>Excludes all Masaka volunteers and males from KNH</p>4<p>No data available from KNH, Kangemi, Entebbe or Masaka</p

Total bilirubin intervals and medians by site and gender (men: blue, women: white) including U.S.-based comparison interval and cutoff for DAIDS grade one severity (vertical dashed line).

<p>Total bilirubin intervals and medians by site and gender (men: blue, women: white) including U.S.-based comparison interval and cutoff for DAIDS grade one severity (vertical dashed line).</p

LDH intervals and medians by site and gender (men: blue, women: white) including U.S.-based comparison interval.

<p>LDH intervals and medians by site and gender (men: blue, women: white) including U.S.-based comparison interval.</p

IgG intervals and medians by site and gender (men: blue, women: white) including U.S.-based comparison interval.

<p>IgG intervals and medians by site and gender (men: blue, women: white) including U.S.-based comparison interval.</p

Neutrophil intervals and medians by site and gender (men: blue, women: white) including U.S.-based comparison interval and cutoff for DAIDS grade one severity (vertical dashed line).

<p>Neutrophil intervals and medians by site and gender (men: blue, women: white) including U.S.-based comparison interval and cutoff for DAIDS grade one severity (vertical dashed line).</p

Hematology results, U.S.-based comparison intervals and out of range (OOR) values

*<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0004401#pone.0004401-Kratz1" target="_blank">[22]</a>, except differential counts <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0004401#pone.0004401-Bakerman1" target="_blank">[23]</a> and CD4/CD8 counts [Beckton Dickson package insert]</p>‡<p>The number and percent of African values outside the U.S.-based comparison interval</p>1<p>Excludes men from Kangemi and KNH, and women from Kangemi</p>2<p>Excludes women from Kangemi</p>3<p>Excludes men from Masaka</p>4<p>Excludes all Lusaka volunteers</p>5<p>Excludes all Lusaka and Entebbe volunteers, and women from Kilifi</p