The Language of Baptism in Early Anglo-Saxon England: The Case for Old English

Abstract: This essay explores the possibility that the vernacular (Old English) may have been used in the baptismal rite in Anglo-Saxon England before the middle of the eighth century. Statements made by Bede (d.735) and Boniface (d. 754), provisions in the Canons of the Council of Clofesho (747) and the probable existence of a lost Old English exemplar for the ‘Old Saxon’ or ‘Utrecht’ baptismal promise (Palatinus latinus 755, fols 6v–7r), all suggest that it was. The use of the vernacular was most attractive in a context of ongoing Christianization, where the faith commitment of the baptizand was foregrounded and his or her understanding of the rite correspondingly highly valued. Later, the shift of focus towards the correct pronunciation of the Trinitarian formula and the increase of general knowledge about the baptismal rite reduced the impetus for translation, and Latin became the standard language of baptism. The translation and non-translation of the baptismal rite reflect broader concerns about the place of the Church of the English and its ethnic and cultural particularity within the universal Church, and particularly its relationship with Rome

Out of the closet, onto the battlefield: Life for gay servicemen before and after the repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell

The U.S. military has struggled with the implementation of diversity efforts throughout history and a key factor supporting this failure is the lack of information collected from its minority groups. An extensive examination of women and gays in the military illustrated a continued disadvantageous environment for both minority groups, which was created by the military's sexual based discrimination. More specifically, the history of sexual orientation discrimination of gays in the military coupled with the lack of research available indicated a need for additional exploration in this field of study. Seminal research efforts provide little insight to the gay service members' perspective within the military. Additionally, current research is excessively narrow, focusing on military readiness, cohesion, and overall military effectiveness. In an effort to close the gap in literature, this qualitative study explored the perspectives of 11 gay men and their experiences as gay service members, before and after the repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell (DADT). The results of this phenomenological research indicated, as per social identity theory, participants struggled with being gay in the U.S. military. Based on the in-depth interviews, participants felt DADT was an unfair policy which silenced them as a minority group. The DADT policy created family issues and a hostile work environment where participants were subject to sexual orientation discrimination, leading to a sense of alienation, a reduction in job participation, and a decrease in overall job satisfaction. After the repeal, participants reported a slow and sometimes forced attempt at cultural change which resulted in continuing discrimination and ongoing family issues. Out of fear of military retaliation, only some of the participants chose to reveal their sexual orientation following the repeal. Some of the participants who chose to come out of the closet reported continued harassment from their peers and leadership. These gay servicemen suffered from minority stress related to their experiences and expressed concerns regarding their future treatment in the U.S. military

Indien : Zwischen Reichtum und Ruin

Documentaire over India, een land vol tegenstellingen. In de grote steden stijgt het aantal rijken, terwijl de bevolking op het platteland in bittere armoede leeft.

Venus transit not to be missed

Science and Education writer Peter Spinks and Swinburne Associate Professor Sarah Maddison discuss what we can learn from the upcoming Transit of Venus

Evidence in practice-number 7:Can postpartum depression be prevented?

Clinical question - is there any preventive treatment for postpartum depression in a lady with previous episodes?This question was sent to us at the Centre for General Practice, University of Queensland, Australia. We were providing a literature search service in collaboration with the Department of Primary Health Care at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne (funded through the NHS Northern and Yorkshire Regional Library Advisory Service), for GPs in the North of England, modelled on one run in Australia.1 GPs sent requests for answers to questions arising during clinical consultations. We then undertook a search for the best available published evidence, briefly interpreted it, and quickly (within days) returned the answer to the GP.Our response to one of the questions received is presented. Under the Update section, we present relevant research published subsequent to the initial search.Full Tex

DnaB helicase dynamics in bacterial DNA replication resolved by single-molecule studies

In Escherichia coli, the DnaB helicase forms the basis for the assembly of the DNA replication complex. The stability of DnaB at the replication fork is likely important for successful replication initiation and progression. Single-molecule experiments have significantly changed the classical model of highly stable replication machines by showing that components exchange with free molecules from the environment. However, due to technical limitations, accurate assessments of DnaB stability in the context of replication are lacking. Using in vitro fluorescence single-molecule imaging, we visualise DnaB loaded on forked DNA templates. That these helicases are highly stable at replication forks, indicated by their observed dwell time of ∼30 min. Addition of the remaining replication factors results in a single DnaB helicase integrated as part of an active replisome. In contrast to the dynamic behaviour of other replisome components, DnaB is maintained within the replisome for the entirety of the replication process. Interestingly, we observe a transient interaction of additional helicases with the replication fork. This interaction is dependent on the τ subunit of the clamp-loader complex. Collectively, our single-molecule observations solidify the role of the DnaB helicase as the stable anchor of the replisome, but also reveal its capacity for dynamic interactions. </p

Community Acceptance of Water Sensitive Urban Design: Six Case Studies

Executive summary The Socio-Technical Analysis and Community Engagement Research is Task2 of the Goyder Institute funded project, Water Sensitive Urban Design Impediments and Potential Contributions to the SA Urban Water Blueprint. The broader project aims to gain insight into the impediments to mainstream adoption of Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) systems in the Greater Adelaide region. The need for WSUD is becoming paramount as the population of Adelaide continues to grow, placing pressure on existing infrastructure, receiving water bodies and water resources. This project aimed to determine the factors that facilitate or inhibit community acceptance of WSUD. More specifically, it provides an understanding of: • Perceived benefits of WSUD by community members • Perceived barriers affecting the uptake of WSUD by the community • Community responses to WSUD • Ways to improve community acceptance of WSUD over the long term The research design adopted a case study approach because of its ability to integrate multiple sources of information within a single site and also to contact community directly living in developments designed with WSUD approaches. The six case studies were Christy Walk, Lochiel Park, Mawson Lakes, Springbank Waters, Mile End streetscape and Harbrow Grove Reserve. They provided opportunity for comparison of findings across a diverse range of WSUD installations and represented WSUD operating at different scales and in both new developments and retrofitting existing suburban areas. Consistent with a case study approach, for each site there were three main components to the data collection: 1) analysis of the technical aspects of the WSUD sites, 2) interview material from key informants, focus groups and short interviews, 3) questionnaires to assess attitudes to the environment and water. Findings Overall there was strong support for WSUD innovations. There were two categories of WSUD features:- • WSUD features that had instant appeal included features that improved aesthetics, greenscape, recreational amenity, and increased resident control over their own water supply • WSUD features that were less obvious but gained community support once the features were explained and understood. They included features that improved the quality of water runoff or flood mitigation. There were no specific WSUD features that were disliked by respondents rather there were problems that could arise with any feature and, if left unaddressed, could jeopardise acceptance of WSUD both long-term and to the wider community. The barriers, which could be cumulative, included: 1. Poor functioning of the WSUD systems, often occurring soon after installation: Poorly functioning WSUD features make developers, residents, and councils reluctant to invest in them. Increased availability of technical knowledge, and training of contractors and those who oversee the work seems to be required if WSUD is not to get a reputation of being “too difficult”. 2. Inadequate maintenance and ongoing management: Respondents wanted a long-term maintenance plan including a plan for the hand-over to council so councils and residents are aware of the long-term maintenance requirements and costs. 3. Lack of community consultation: Most obviously communities cannot support WSUD facilities if they do not know that they exist. Understanding a WSUD facility is likely to need two-way communication such as discussion groups and tours of the facility rather than one way communication such as the distribution of flyers. Two-way dialogue also has the added benefit of directly hearing back from the community aspects about the WSUD feature that they particularly like or dislike. This type of feedback can assist future innovation and development of WSUD. 4. Uncertainties about costs: All residents in the new sites had paid extra for their home with WSUD and other features; however poor design, functioning and maintenance, ..

DnaB helicase dynamics in bacterial DNA replication resolved by single-molecule studies

In Escherichia coli, the DnaB helicase forms the basis for the assembly of the DNA replication complex. The stability of DnaB at the replication fork is likely important for successful replication initiation and progression. Single-molecule experiments have significantly changed the classical model of highly stable replication machines by showing that components exchange with free molecules from the environment. However, due to technical limitations, accurate assessments of DnaB stability in the context of replication are lacking. Using in vitro fluorescence single-molecule imaging, we visualise DnaB loaded on forked DNA templates. That these helicases are highly stable at replication forks, indicated by their observed dwell time of ∼30 min. Addition of the remaining replication factors results in a single DnaB helicase integrated as part of an active replisome. In contrast to the dynamic behaviour of other replisome components, DnaB is maintained within the replisome for the entirety of the replication process. Interestingly, we observe a transient interaction of additional helicases with the replication fork. This interaction is dependent on the τ subunit of the clamp-loader complex. Collectively, our single-molecule observations solidify the role of the DnaB helicase as the stable anchor of the replisome, but also reveal its capacity for dynamic interactions