Laser forming and creative metalwork

Laser forming and creative metalwor

Open design: non‐professional user‐designers creating products for citizen science, a case study of beekeepers.

Affiliated technologies have opened up opportunities for people, no matter what their design competency or expertise, to engage in the design of the products they use. The notion of “Open Design” or the open sharing of information relating to the design and manufacture of products, services or objects, can be seen as part of a much more encompassing phenomenon whereby users are the innovators and fabricators of their own products. Digital fabrication can enable the remote fabrication of objects tailoring artefacts to specific users or environmental needs. Open fabrication makes manufacturing processes accessible and can respond to niche needs with bespoke production. Citizen science uses non‐professionals to conduct research in their own environment or location, extending the impact of research. This process of “amateur scientist” and community monitoring has positive and negative aspects that design can help to address. The workshop conducted as part of this research involved 15 amateur bee‐ keepers and led to a probe study involving 150 participants in the UK, testing a new approach to co‐collaboration yielding positive outcomes. The bee population is currently under threat from environmental change, pollution, disease and they are users with a specific interest, bespoke needs and a knowledge base outside of their profession. The decline in bees is a scientific issue as they are seen as a barometer for the health of the environment. Through analysis of observations and insights gained through active design‐led workshops, this paper examines the potential barriers, opportunities, benefits and pitfalls of user‐designers engaging with citizen science using open design and open fabrication tools. Workshop results included: methods, motivations, designer and manufacturer opportunities and insights into repeatable processes forming the start of a citizen science toolkit. The objective was to ascertain the possible pitfalls of a group of user‐designers creating their own citizen science tools enabled by technologists and designers

Making Instructions for Others: Exploring Mental Models Through a Simple Exercise

Investigating how people understand the systems around them—from technology to democracy to our own bodies—is a common research goal across many disciplines. One of the practical aims is uncovering differences between how people think systems work and how they actually work (particularly where differences can cause problems) and then addressing them, either by trying to change people’s understanding or by changing the way people inter- act with systems so that this better matches people’s understanding [1]. Being able to say that you under- stand a system is essentially saying that you have a model of the system [2]. In HCI and other people-centered design fields, attempting to characterize people’s mental models of technology in which their behavior plays a role can be a significant part of user research. Users’ mental models will perhaps only rarely accord exactly with designers’ conceptual models of a system [3], but this is not necessarily a problem in itself: “[A]ll models are wrong, but some are useful” [4]. Mental models should not be assumed to be static constructs covering the whole of a system; multiple models working at different levels of abstraction can be relevant in different circumstances, from complex work domains to simple everyday interactions [5]

The practical maker: investigating the definitions and requirements of and exploring the motivations behind bespoke making.

This paper reports on a study using cultural probes to investigate the definitions of making amongst groups of hobbyists. It examines communities of enthusiasts who regularly make tools and equipment for their activities and explores examples of things made and practical problems solved in order to gain insights, opinions, circumstances and motivations from them. The study included over 60 participants from mixed demographic backgrounds with diverse types of hobbies and levels of ability. The access to commercial manufacturing processes has been lowered through systems and spaces known under the term ‘open design’. Open design has enabled users to make bespoke products with a higher quality output through to the use of digital fabrication

Citizen Science and Open Design: Workshop Findings

An inherent link exists between making things and designing things, often relying on skills, knowledge, and tools, and working together to achieve outcomes. Conventional design and manufac- ture to date has been a closed system requiring professional skills. Traditional manufacture has required a significant initial financial investment for “tooling” to produce large volumes of product (i.e., for “mass production”). In contrast, Digital Manufacture (DM) or Rapid Manufacture (RM) is “the ability to manufacture parts of vir- tually any complexity [and] geometry entirely without the need for tooling.” The latter offers lower financial entry-points and the ability to create bespoke products.1 The following article weaves Open design, Digital Manufacture and Citizen Science together present- ing findings from territory exploring workshops with lay users signposting opportunities and perceived detrimental factors

Open Design: Contributions, Solutions, Processes and Projects

Open design is a catchall term for various on- and offline design and making activities. It can be used to describe a type of design process that allows for (is open to) the participation of anybody (novice or professional) in the collaborative development of something. As well as this, it can mean the distribution and unrestricted use of design blueprints and documentation for the use by others. In this paper, the authors highlight various aspects of open and collaborative design and argue for the use of new terms that address what is open and when. A range of design projects and online platforms that have open attributes are then explored, whereby these terms are applied. In terms of design, the focus is specifically on the design of physical things rather than graphical, software or system design

Voie de signalisation impliquant le récepteur de l'hormone parathyroïdienne (PTH) et du peptide apparenté à la PTH (expression et fonction au cours du développement embryo-fœtal humain en physiologie et en pathologie)

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