Correlations between parasitological and immunological parameters in control and vaccinated sheep.

*<p>Spearman rank correlation coefficient (P value); bold numbers indicate significance at P&lt;0.05. ND: not done.</p

Serum antibody responses after challenge of vaccinated sheep.

<p>Mean antibody isotype responses of sheep before vaccination (wk -8), 1 week after vaccination (wk -3), at day of challenge (wk 0) and 1 week after challenge (wk +1). Serum diluted 1/5000 (IgG1), 1/500 (IgG2), 1/20 (IgA) or 1/32 ammonium sulphate cut (IgE). For details of experimental groups, refer to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0078357#pone-0078357-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. Dashed line represents the mean of a separate group of 8 sheep kept in indoor pens for 2–3 months. *Significant difference between group 3 and control group 1.</p

Packed cell volume (PCV) of peripheral blood after challenge of vaccinated sheep.

<p>Mean (+SEM) PCV of groups at 49 days post infection (DPI). The mean PCV of all sheep before infection (day 0) was 34.2 (SD 2.3). For details of experimental groups, refer to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0078357#pone-0078357-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Faecal egg counts and worm burden after challenge of vaccinated sheep.

<p>A: Mean (+SEM) daily eggs/gram faeces (EPG); B: Mean (+SEM) cumulative faecal egg count (FEC); C: individual and mean (+/−SEM) total worm counts. For details of experimental groups, refer to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0078357#pone-0078357-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. Significantly different from the control group at p&lt;0.05 (*) or p&lt;0.01 (**).</p

Sheep numbers, immunization protocols and levels of protection against <i>H.contortus</i> infection.

<p>ND: not done; *p&lt;0.05, **p&lt;0.001.</p

Eosinophil infiltration after intradermal injection of saline or exsheathed L3 <i>H. contortus</i> larvae (xL3).

<p>Representative H&amp;E stained sections of skin tissue injected with saline (a) or xL3 (b) of group 1,2&amp;4 sheep. Group 3 sheep (Ag+DEAE-dextran) showed much higher eosinophil infiltration (c) and occasional granulomas (d).</p

Additional file 1: of Selenophene and thiophene-core estrogen receptor ligands that inhibit motility and development of parasitic stages of Haemonchus contortus

Details of the synthetic routes for the 22 selenophene-core and 52 thiophene-core analogues screened against Haemonchus contortus in the present study. The characteristics of these compounds are also given. (DOC 2062 kb

Additional file 1: of Screening of the ‘Stasis Box’ identifies two kinase inhibitors under pharmaceutical development with activity against Haemonchus contortus

Five-second video recordings of exsheathed third-stage larvae (xL3s) of Haemonchus contortus displaying the “coiled” phenotype induced by exposure to AG-1295 (MMV079840; 100 μM). Videos of xL3s exposed to the same concentration of SNS-032 (MMV690767), monepantel, or no-compound were also included for comparison. (PPTX 18505 kb

MOESM1 of A practical Java tool for small-molecule compound appraisal

Additional file 1: The software manual accompanies this paper as supplementary information