Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ginger (<it>Zingiber officinale </it>Rosc) is a natural dietary component with antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. The ginger component [6]-gingerol has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects through mediation of NF-κB. NF-κB can be constitutively activated in epithelial ovarian cancer cells and may contribute towards increased transcription and translation of angiogenic factors. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ginger on tumor cell growth and modulation of angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells <it>in vitro</it>.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The effect of ginger and the major ginger components on cell growth was determined in a panel of epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines. Activation of NF-κB and and production of VEGF and IL-8 was determined in the presence or absence of ginger.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Ginger treatment of cultured ovarian cancer cells induced profound growth inhibition in all cell lines tested. We found that <it>in vitro</it>, 6-shogaol is the most active of the individual ginger components tested. Ginger treatment resulted in inhibition of NF-kB activation as well as diminished secretion of VEGF and IL-8.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Ginger inhibits growth and modulates secretion of angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells. The use of dietary agents such as ginger may have potential in the treatment and prevention of ovarian cancer.</p

Predisposition to Cancer Caused by Genetic and Functional Defects of Mammalian Atad5

ATAD5, the human ortholog of yeast Elg1, plays a role in PCNA deubiquitination. Since PCNA modification is important to regulate DNA damage bypass, ATAD5 may be important for suppression of genomic instability in mammals in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we generated heterozygous (Atad5+/m) mice that were haploinsuffficient for Atad5. Atad5+/m mice displayed high levels of genomic instability in vivo, and Atad5+/m mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibited molecular defects in PCNA deubiquitination in response to DNA damage, as well as DNA damage hypersensitivity and high levels of genomic instability, apoptosis, and aneuploidy. Importantly, 90% of haploinsufficient Atad5+/m mice developed tumors, including sarcomas, carcinomas, and adenocarcinomas, between 11 and 20 months of age. High levels of genomic alterations were evident in tumors that arose in the Atad5+/m mice. Consistent with a role for Atad5 in suppressing tumorigenesis, we also identified somatic mutations of ATAD5 in 4.6% of sporadic human endometrial tumors, including two nonsense mutations that resulted in loss of proper ATAD5 function. Taken together, our findings indicate that loss-of-function mutations in mammalian Atad5 are sufficient to cause genomic instability and tumorigenesis

Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells-8

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/7/44</p><p>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2007;7():44-44.</p><p>Published online 20 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2241638.</p><p></p>ines was assessed using the trypan blue exclusion assay. Cells were incubated continuously with media containing ginger at the indicated concentrations and viable cells were counted on days Days 1, 3 and 5 of exposure. Ginger treated cells displayed significant growth inhibition as compared to control treated cells

Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/7/44</p><p>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2007;7():44-44.</p><p>Published online 20 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2241638.</p><p></p>ines was assessed by using sulforhodamine B assays. Cells were incubated continuously with media containing ginger at the indicated concentrations and growth was assayed at Days 1, 3 and 5 of exposure. Using these concentrations of ginger, only SKOV3 cells displayed diminished cell growth

Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells-6

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/7/44</p><p>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2007;7():44-44.</p><p>Published online 20 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2241638.</p><p></p>for 48 hours. Production of the angiogenic factor s IL-8 (A) and VEGF (B) were assayed using ELISA assays. (A.) Only ES-2 and SKOV3 cells expressed high IL-8 levels at Baseline, and ginger treatment resulted in a significant decrease in IL-8 production (p < .05 for both cell lines). (B.) VEGF production was reduced in all cell lines following ginger treatment (p = .19, .18, .007, and .07 for A2780, CaOV3, ES-2 and SKOV3 cells respectively)

Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/7/44</p><p>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2007;7():44-44.</p><p>Published online 20 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2241638.</p><p></p>ines was assessed using the trypan blue exclusion assay. Cells were incubated continuously with media containing ginger at the indicated concentrations and viable cells were counted on days Days 1, 3 and 5 of exposure. Ginger treated cells displayed significant growth inhibition as compared to control treated cells

Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/7/44</p><p>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2007;7():44-44.</p><p>Published online 20 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2241638.</p><p></p>nished on day 3), or Cisplatin (2.5 μg/ml). Cells were examined by light microscopy at 1, 3, and 5 days of treatment

Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells-7

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/7/44</p><p>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2007;7():44-44.</p><p>Published online 20 Dec 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2241638.</p><p></p>ines was assessed by using sulforhodamine B assays. Cells were incubated continuously with media containing ginger at the indicated concentrations and growth was assayed at Days 1, 3 and 5 of exposure. Ginger treated cells displayed significant growth inhibition as compared to control treated cells (p < .05 for all cell lines, all ginger concentrations). D: Human ovarian surface epithelial cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of ginger with minimal effect seen following days 1–3 of culture (p > .05). HOSE demonstrated some inhibition of growth by day 5 of treatment (p < .05). Data are presented as means ± S.D, and are representative of at least 3 independent experiments