Surrogate modeling a computational fluid dynamics-based wind turbine wake simulation using machine learning

The Wind Farm Layout Optimization problem involves finding the optimal positions for wind turbines on a wind farm site. Current Metahueristic based methods make use of a combination of turbine specifications and parameters, mathematical models and empirically produced power production equations to estimate the energy output of a real wind farm [15]. The overarching variable in any optimisation function is wind speed - this is what used to determine the power generated. Therefore, accurate predictions of wind speeds at specific points across the volume of the site are needed. In this paper, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate a full scale rotating wind turbine blade with fluid (air) at various wind speeds flowing past the turbine. The wake effect can be observed and leads to decrease in wind speeds, as expected. Wind speed at specific x,y and z (3D) coordinates were sampled and used as input to common Machine Learning regression algorithms to create different surrogate models. This was needed as each individual CFD experiment takes approximately 8 hours to complete, so it is not feasible to continuously repeat these simulations inside a metaheuristic optimiser

Jupiter's Metastable Companions

Jovian co-orbitals share Jupiter's orbit in 1:1 mean motion resonance. This includes $>$10,000 so-called Trojan asteroids surrounding the leading (L4) and trailing (L5) Lagrange points, viewed as stable groups dating back to planet formation. Via a massive numerical study we identify for the first time some Trojans which are certainly only `metastable'; instead of being primordial, they are recent captures from heliocentric orbits into moderately long-lived (10 kyr - 100 Myr) metastable states that will escape back to the scattering regime. We have also identified (1) the first two jovian horseshoe co-orbitals that exist for many resonant libration periods, and (2) eight jovian quasi-satellites with metastable lifetimes of 4-130 kyr. Our perspective on the Trojan population is thus now more complex as Jupiter joins the other giant planets in having known metastable co-orbitals which are in steady-state equilibrium with the planet-crossing Centaur and asteroid populations, in agreement with theoretical estimates

A study of effective evaluation models and practices for technology supported physical learning spaces (JELS)

The aim of the JELS project was to identify and review the tools, methods and frameworks used to evaluate technology supported or enhanced physical learning spaces. A key objective was to develop the sector knowledgebase on innovation and emerging practice in the evaluation of learning spaces, identifying innovative methods and approaches beyond traditional post-occupancy evaluations and surveys that have dominated this area to date. The intention was that the frameworks and guidelines discovered or developed from this study could inform all stages of the process of implementing a technology supported physical learning space. The study was primarily targeted at the UK HE sector and the FE sector where appropriate, and ran from September 2008 to March 2009

Early Child Development in Social Context: A Chartbook

Reviews more than 30 key indicators of health and development for children up to age 6, as well as social factors in families and communities that affect these outcomes. Offers practical suggestions for health practitioners and parents

160— Classification of unknown deep-sea snailfishes through morphological and genetic evidence

With the high diversity of life on Earth, new species are constantly being discovered. Every species goes through a taxonomic classification process to determine its place in the tree of life. Taxonomy involves examining the morphology of each species and describing its features. However, multiple species can share morphological characteristics, making it difficult to distinguish one species from another based on visual clues alone. Therefore, genetic data can provide powerful insights into relationships between species. Snailfishes (Family Liparidae) live in cold and temperate ocean waters from the intertidal zone to the deep sea. Snailfishes share morphological characteristics including scaleless, tadpole-like bodies and commonly a ventral suction disk, yet they can vary by environment. In this study, we focus on three deep-sea snailfishes that were caught in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, off California. Using micro-CT (microcomputed tomography) scans and physical measurements, we compared characteristics such as body ratios and fin ray counts. We then sequenced barcode genes to position these species in a phylogenetic context. By comparing the morphological and genetic data from our unknown snailfish species to those known, we can discover if they indeed constitute new species, furthering our understanding of the vast biodiversity in our oceans