Prevalence of headache disorders in students of medical university according new Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition (2013)

The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of headache disorders using the newly published third edition International Classification of headache Disorders-3beta and evaluate their previous treatment in students of the Urals State Medical University. Methods: The study population consisted of 1042 students (719 females, 323 males, mean age 20.6, range 17-40). All were interviewed using a semi-structured validated interview conducted by a neurologist or by trained senior medical students. Results: 1-year prevalence of headache in students was 93% (females 95%, males 88%), prevalence of headache during the last month-68% (66% among females, 54% among males), during the last week-46% (48% among females, 32% males) and point prevalence -17% (17% among females, 17% among males). 1-year prevalence of episodic tension type headache was 74.5%, among females -73%, among males- 77%. 1 -year prevalence of migraine without aura was 24%, among females - 28%, among males -14%. 1-year prevalence of migraine with aura was 3.8%, among females — 5.6%, among males - 0.6%. 1-year prevalence of chronic tension type headache-3%, chronic migraine -1% and medication overuse headache-3 %. Only one third of students (35%) had consulted because of headache. Most students (75%) used analgesics or NSAIDs for the acute treatment of headache, only 2% used triptans. Only 0.2% of students received prophylactic treatment. Conclusion: Prophylactic and treatment strategies must be developed to manage the high prevalence of headache disorders in students.Задачей нашего исследования было изучение распространенности головных болей с использованием недавно опубликованной Международной классификации третьего пересмотра - 3 бетта, а также оценка предшествующего лечения головных болей у студентов Уральского государственного медицинского университета. Методы: Исследуемая группа включала 1042 студентов (719 женщин и 323 мужчины средний возраст 20,6 лет, возрастной интервал 17-40). Все студенты были проинтервьюированы с использованием полуструктурированного интервью, проведенного специально обученными студентами, а также врачом неврологом. Результаты: Распространенность головных болей у студентов в течение 1 года до интервью была 93% (95% у женщин, 88% у мужчин), распространенность головных болей в течение последнего месяца была 68% (66% среди женщин, 54% среди мужчин), в течение последней недели головные боли имели 46% студентов (48% среди женщин, 32% среди мужчин) и 17% студентов имели головные боли в день интервью (17% женщин, 17% мужчин). Распространенность эпизодических головных болей напряжения у студентов в течение 1 года до интервью была 74,5% (73% среди женщин и 77% среди мужчин). Распространенность мигрени без ауры у студентов в течение 1 года была 24% (28% среди женщин и 14% среди мужчин). Распространенность мигрени с аурой была 3,8% (5,6% среди женщин и 0,6% среди мужчин). Распространенность хронических головных болей напряжения в течение 1 года была 3%, хронической мигрени -1% и головных болей, связанных с избыточным употреблением анальгетиков 3 %. Только треть студентов (35%) обращались к врачам в связи с головными болями. Большинство студентов (75%) использовали анальгетики или НПВП для купирования головных болей, 2% использовали триптаны. Только 0,2% студентов получали профилактическое лечение по поводу головных болей. Вывод: Необходима разработка профилактических и лечебных мероприятий для снижения высокой частоты головных болей у студентов

An otorhinolaryngologist's view on the problem of children with submucous cleft palate

Today, congenital cleft lip and palate (CCLP) is the most common congenital malformation of the maxillofacial area. According to different authors, the incidence of the defect among infants is 1 per 500--1000 depending on the region. In most cases, CCUPP is not difficult to diagnose; it is detected in the maternity hospital, and child with its parents is sent to a specialized institution for surgical treatment. However, there is a type of isolated cleft palate which may be very difficult to diagnose due to absence of evident defect of the palate. This is hidden (submucosal) congenital cleft palate. [1, 7]

Learned fear of gastrointestinal sensations in healthy adults

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Gastrointestinal symptom-specific fear and anxiety are important determinants of gastrointestinal symptom perception. We studied learning of fear toward innocuous gastrointestinal sensations as a putative mechanism in the development of gastrointestinal symptom-specific fear and anxiety. METHODS: Fifty-two healthy subjects (26 women) received 2 types of esophageal balloon distention at a perceptible but nonpainful intensity (conditioned stimulus [CS], the innocuous sensation) and at a painful intensity (unconditioned stimulus [US]). Subjects were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 groups. During the learning phase, the innocuous CS preceded the painful US in the experimental group (n = 26). In the control group (n = 26), on the contrary, the US never followed the CS directly. During a subsequent extinction phase, both groups received only CS distention-the painful US was no longer administered. Indexes of fear learning toward the innocuous CS distention included the skin conductance response, fear-potentiated startle (measured by the eye-blink electromyogram), and self-reported expectancy of the US. RESULTS: During the learning phase, only the experimental group learned to fear the innocuous gastrointestinal CS, based on the increase in US expectancy (compared with the control group, P = .04), increased skin conductance response (compared with the control group, P = .03), and potentiated startle reflex (compared with the control group, P = .001) in response to the CS. The differences between the experimental and control groups in US expectancy and skin conductance, but not fear-potentiated startle, disappeared during the extinction phase. CONCLUSIONS: Fear toward innocuous gastrointestinal sensations can be established through associative learning in healthy human beings. This may be an important mechanism in the development of fear of gastrointestinal symptoms, implicated in the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders.publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Learned Fear of Gastrointestinal Sensations in Healthy Adults journaltitle: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2016.04.035 content_type: article copyright: © 2016 by the AGA Institutestatus: publishe