Diversification of Fish Culture and Exports among Major Shrimp-producing Countries of Asia: A Spatial and Temporal Analysis

Asian countries contribute nearly 90 per cent to global production of culture fisheries. Diversification of species is not happening in fish culture because of the high value shrimp commands in the export market. Shrimp farming is on the increase in all the major shrimp-producing Asian countries. Higher the growth in shrimp production, higher is the instability in production due to production risks associated with ecosystem complexities and disease incidences. Most of the shrimp-producing countries have been moving towards specialization of shrimp production for export because of the high price that the shrimp asserts in the international market. A comparison between the Asian countries for the period 1976-2002 has revealed that Malaysia has maintained low growth and low instability and higher diversification, and Bangladesh and Vietnam have diversified in fish exports. In a country-level comparison, India, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines have shown moderate growth in production and export of shrimp. The instability associated with their shrimp production has also been moderate. Diversification in fish production as well as exports has been suggested for assured income to farmers and the country. It has been pointed that replacing, supplementing or rotating the shrimp farming with culture of other high-value fish species like Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer), grouper (Epinephelus spp), mullets (Mugil spp) and milk fish (Chanos spp) culture may ease the risks in mono-cropping of shrimp.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Fishery and biology of green tiger shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus (De Haan,1844) landed at Puthiappa, Kozhikode, Kerala coast

The fishery and biology of Penaeus semisulcatus based on data collected from 2003 to 2007 from Puthiappa, Kozhikode, Kerala are described. The annual catch varied from 0.7 t to 12.4 t with an average of 5.8 t. The fishing season was from January to June and the landings peaked in May. The total length of male ranged from 76 to 190 mm and females from 96 to 220 mm. The sex-ratio did not deviate significantly from 1:1. Gut analysis showed that shrimps with empty stomach were dominant (60%); and the major food items were detritus (39%), molluscs (31.4%) and crustaceans (28.5%). The minimum size of mature female was 150 mm and the gonado-somatic Index was the highest in February. Fecundity varied from 2,83,650 to 7,51,200 mature eggs. Relationships between total length and weight, length and ovary weight, body weight and ovary weight, fecundity and ovary weight, fecundity and length and fecundity and body weight were determined

Fishery and stock assessment of Fenneropenaeus indicus (H.Milne Edwards) from Kozhikode, south west coast of India

The average annual catch of Fenneropenaeus indicus in the trawl landing of Puthiappa, Kozhikode was 197 t with a CPUE of 15 kg. Peak fishing period was April-May. About 28% of the average annual shrimp catch was constituted by F. indicus. The stock assessment studies indicated that the fishery is still underexploited and the effort can be increased to obtain the maximum sustainable yield

On the fishery and some aspects of biology of Penaeus (Melicertus) canaliculatus (Olivier, 1811) landed at Puthiappa, Kozhikode, southwest coast of India

The annual catch of Penaeus (Melicertus) canaliculatus varied from 353 to 7090 kg with an average of 2009 kg during 2003-2007. The fishing season was from January to June. The total length of males was 91-195 mm and females 86 to 230 mm in the fishery. Females dominated the catch. Crustacean remains were dominant in stomach contents (63.9%) followed by molluscan shells (22.5%). About 78% of females were in spent stage of ovarian development and 5.7% were with ripe ovary. The peak spawning months were February and June. The fecundity varied from 1,55,400 to 2,36,600 eggs with an average of 1,85,733. L∞ and K were 200 mm and 1.9 for males, and 237 mm and 2.0 for females, respectively. Length-weight relationship was Log W = -5.1287+2.99997 Log L for male and Log W = -5.1900+3.0271 Log L for femal

U-Capkidnets++-: A Novel Hybrid Capsule Networks with Optimized Deep Feed Forward Networks for an Effective Classification of Kidney Tumours Using CT Kidney Images

Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) has become one among the world wide health crisis and needs the associated efforts to prevent the complete organ damage. A considerable research effort has been put forward onto the effective seperation and classification of kidney tumors from the kidney CT Images. Emerging machine learning along with deep learning algorithms have waved the novel paths of tumor detections. But these methods are proved to be laborious and its success rate is purely depends on the previous experiences. To achieve the better classification and segmentation of tumors, this paper proposes the hybrid ensemble of visual capsule networks in U-NET deep learning architecture and w deep feed-forward extreme learning machines. The proposed framework incorporates the data-preprocessing powerful data augmentation, saliency tumor segmentation (STS) followed by the classification phase. Furthermore, classification levels are constructed based upon the feed forward extreme learning machines (FFELM) to enhance the effectiveness of the suggested model .The extensive experimentation has been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the recommended structure and matched with the other prevailing hybrid deep learning model. Experimentation demonstrates that the suggested model has showed the superior predominance over the other models and exhibited DICE co-efficient of kidney tumors as high as 0.96 and accuracy of 97.5 %respectively

Fishery, biology and population dynamics of Parapenaeopsis stylifera at Calicut

Results of the study based on the data collected at Calicut on the fishery and biology of Parapenaeopsis stylifera for a period of five years from 1987 to 1992 are given. The average annual catch and catch per unit effort were 306 tons and 16.6 kg respectively. The peak landings were observed during October -January. Shrimp formed 7.4% of the total trawl landings and 49.8% of the shrimp catch was contributed by P.stylifera. The size range of female was 46-130mm and in male, 51-110mm. Males outnumbered females in the total catch and the difference was statistically significant. Mature females occured throughout the season and the size at first maturity was 74.6 + 1.013 mm. The growth parameters, L00, k and t0 were 132.03 mm, 0.1912 and 0.088 respectively for feamles and 111.8 mm, 0.2065 and 0.398 respectively for males. Total average mortaility rate was 6.41 (females) and 9.83 (males). Yield per recruit and cohort analysis revealed that further increase in effort would affect the stock adversely

Exploitation of mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal) from Korapuzha estuary, Kerala

The hook and line fishery for mud crab (Scylla serrata) in the Korapuzha estuary is described. The fishing season extends throughout the year with a peak during Deamber-June. The average annual catch for 1987-89 was 14.0 tonnes with a CPUE of 113 kg. The size ranged from 51-215 mm in females', and 46-195 mm in males with majority between 86-120 mm. The length-width and the width-weight relationship, L and K values, sex ratio, maturity and marketing aspects were studied

Influence of micronutrients on growth and yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) in rainfed vertisols

Coriander crop is grown as a rainfed rabi crop in vertisols of Andhra Pradesh. The cropgenerally suffers from periods of moisture stress from the flowering to maturity stagedepending on precipitation during November and December months. During these stressperiods, the crop shows deficiency symptoms of micronutrients such as Copper, Manganese,Zinc and Iron. The foliar application of ZnSO4 0.5%, FeSO4 0.5% and combination of ZnSO4+ FeSO4 + CuSO4 + MnSO4 all at 0.5%, had significant positive influence on all growthparameters and yield of Coriander crop. Among the treatments, ZnSO4 + FeSO4 + CuSO4 +MnSO4 all at 0.5% recorded maximum plant height, number of primary branches andsecondary branches, umbels per plant and umbellets per umbel, which are significantlysuperior to control. Crop maturity differed significantly among the treatments though thedifference between the maximum and minimum days was only 3.3 days. The treatments, ZnSO4 + Fe SO4 + Cu SO4 + Mn SO4  all at 0.5%, recorded significantly highest yield (940 kg/ha)followed by Fe SO4 0.5 % (927 kg/ha) and Zn SO4 0.5 % (922 kg/ha) which are on par witheach other and significantly superior over control (801 kg/ha). &nbsp