Kinetika brazdanja in vitro oplođenih goveđih jajnih stanica podrijetlom iz folikula različitih veličina.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of follicle size on the kinetics of the first cleavage and subsequent blastocyst development of bovine embryos. Cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs), aspirated from small (≤5 mm) and large (>5 mm) follicles of abattoir-derived ovaries, were graded for their morphological appearance, and were cultured to assess their developmental competence. In order to study the kinetics of early cleavage, the number of cleaved embryos was recorded at 24, 27, 30, 33, 36 and 48 hours post insemination (hpi). Morula and blastocyst development was recorded on days 5, 6, 7 and 8. A rapid rise in the rate of cleaved embryos was observed by 27 hpi, for oocytes collected both from ≤5 mm and >5 mm follicles. However, oocytes recovered from follicles >5 mm cleaved in significantly higher proportion at 24 to 30 hpi, which was reflected in a higher overall cleavage rate at 48 hpi. The kinetics of early cleavage were consistent with the subsequent development of the embryos, that is, the oocytes from >5 mm follicles which completed the first cell division faster developed to morula stage on Day 5 and blastocyst stage on Days 6 and 7 in a higher proportion than oocytes from ≤5 mm follicles. The hatching rate on Day 9 was significantly higher when oocytes originated from >5 mm follicles. The total cell number was not affected by follicle size. The results showed that oocytes derived from >5 mm follicles displayed higher developmental competence than oocytes from ≤5 mm follicles, in terms of timing of first cleavage, timing of blastocyst development and overall blastocyst rate. The selection of oocytes based on follicle size and kinetics of cleavage could be useful tools in selecting the best embryos for transfer.Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je utvrditi utjecaj veličine folikula na kinetiku prve stanične diobe i ranu razvojnu sposobnost goveđih zametaka. Jajne stanice aspirirane iz malih (≤5 mm) i velikih (>5 mm) folikula klaoničkih jajnika ocijenjene su morfološki i stavljene u postupak dozrijevanja, oplodnje i uzgoja in vitro kako bi se pratila njihova razvojna sposobnost. Radi praćenja kinetike ranog brazdanja broj brazdanih zametaka bilježen je 24, 27, 30, 33, 36 i 48 sati nakon oplodnje in vitro. Broj morula i blastocista zabilježen je 5., 6., 7. i 8. dana uzgoja in vitro. Jajne stanice iz folikula >5 mm brže su završile prvu staničnu diobu u odnosu na jajne stanice iz folikula ≤5 mm. Rezultati kinetike ranog embrionalnog razvoja sukladni su rezultatima kinetike ranog brazdanja pa je iz folikula >5 mm uzgojeno više morula, blastocista i izlegnutih blastocista. Ukupan broj stanica u zametku nije se mijenjao ovisno o veličini folikula. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su da jajne stanice podrijetlom iz folikula većih od 5 mm imaju veću razvojnu sposobnost od jajnih stanica iz folikula manjih od 5 mm, a odabir jajnih stanica na osnovi veličine folikula i kinetike brazdanja mogao bi pomoći u odabiru najboljih zametaka za transfer

Hip dysplasia classification and its incidence in dogs

U svijetu postoje tri glavna načina klasifi kacije kriterija za procjenu displazije kukova, a to su: FCI (Federation Cynologique Internationale), OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals) i BVA/KC (British Veterinary Association / The Kennel Club). U radu su opisana sva tri načina klasifikacije. Prikazana je učestalost displazije u pojedinih pasmina pasa po stupnjevima u razdoblju od dvije godine.Around the world there are 3 scoring modes that are used: The FCI mode (Federation Cynologique Internationale), the OFA mode (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals) and BVA/KC mode (British Veterinary Association/ The Kenel Club). The paper describes three ways to classify hip dysplasia. The incidence of hip dysplasia is shown in certain breeds of dogs by its degree during the period of two years