An Empirical Study of Technology Business Incubation on Economic Growth of Pakistan

Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) are seen as a mechanism that could create supportive and entrepreneurial environments for technology-based start-ups, helping them to increase their survival rates. TBIs are designed to offer start-ups the technological support and services and a solution in bridging the knowledge gap to help them develop their own viable businesses, by providing are source-based necessary for supporting their development in early and critical stage. Many TBIs have been established in hoping to promote national economic growth. To promote the success of TBIs in emerging markets, it is therefore important for the incubator management team or policy makers to understand the necessary resource required to support the development of their start-ups in order to help them to become viable businesses. The purpose of this paper is to determine enabling factors influencing the success of technology business incubators (TBIs) with respect to existing and acquired resources, and describe how these enabling factors have been implemented in practice to increase the economic growth of Pakistan. Keywords: Technology, business Incubators, Entrepreneurship, Innovatio

Quaternionic Channel-based Modulation For Dual-polarized Antennas

Space time block codes (STBCs) have been studied to exploit the spatial and temporal diversities in wireless systems. Orthogonal space time polarization block codes (OSTPBCs) designed using the quaternion algebra promise gains in terms of higher data rates, diversity and spectral efficiency. In this context, quaternion modulation has been proposed using the dual-polarized antennas to generate efficient selection of the polarization and optimal decoding at the receiver end. In this paper, the quaternion modulation technique has been evaluated considering the quaternionic channel using the dual-polarized antennas. The results show promising diversity gains with benefits in terms of spectral efficiency and data rates. An extension of this scheme for higher number of symbols and higher dual-polarized antenna dimensions has also been presented. The proposal includes linear decoupled decoding of the quaternion orthogonal codes (QODs) at the receiver end where the complexity stays independent of the number of transmitted symbols. The design of the quaternion modulation using the quaternionic channel fully exploits the polarization diversity in addition to unfolding its applicability for future massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems

The effect of views through windows on apartment dwellers in an urban setting: a case study of hyderabad apartment

The rate of urbanisation is increasing in Pakistan as it develops. The connection to nature, however, is receding in urban settings as the country grows. Apartment buildings have been recognized as a characteristic type of urban housing due to the increasing intensity of land use in urban areas. In Hyderabad, one of the neglected aspects of urban living is the neglect of window design, orientation, and view through the window in apartment buildings. Windows are the primary means of communication between the inside and outside of the building. This paper highlights the significance of window views in urban setting in relation to sustainable development. Furthermore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of window views on apartment dwellers in Hyderabad and how it affects the sustainability of a building. The case studies were conducted on apartments in Qasimabad, along with a questionnaire survey based on the residents' preferences for window views and how the existing setting affects their behavior. After analyzing literature, conducting case studies, and completing a survey questionnaire, results suggest that window views promote pleasant emotions, productivity, health, and well-being, which contribute to a sustainable developmen

The Association between Diet, Exercise, and Neurobehviors

The purpose of this study was to investigate a potential relationship between diet quality, lifestyle factors and neurobehaviors of individuals. It was hypothesized that eating healthy and exercising improves mental state and self-motivation. An anonymous online survey using the Food-Mood and Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaires using the five point Likert Scale was administered online through community outreach and social media. The survey included questions on demographics, exercise habits, frequency of food group consumption, mental distress, and motivation. Data was collected between January to March 2021 and a total of 421 participants aged 18 and above completed the questionnaires. Spearman’s rho correlation was used to assess the associations between the different variables. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. The results indicated that there is a correlation between exercise, motivation, and mood to every other metric studied, such as positive diet behaviors. Our findings also reveal strong positive associations between nutrient-dense food, motivation to perform and mental wellbeing (P \u3c 0.01). Interestingly, fast-food and sugary foods produced strong negative correlation with neurobehaviors (P \u3c 0.01). It was concluded there may be a correlation between dietary behaviors and exercise and motivation. Further evaluation of the role dietary and lifestyle choices play on neurobehavioral should be investigated.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1102/thumbnail.jp

Etiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome of infective endocarditis: 10-year experience from a tertiary care center in Pakistan

This study was conducted to assess the clinical characteristics, causative agents, complications, and outcomes of infective endocarditis (IE) among patients presenting to our tertiary care center over the last decade. This retrospective cohort study included all adult patients admitted to the Aga Khan University Hospital with the diagnosis of IE over a ten-year period from 2010 to 2020. Outcomes variables included complications during hospitalization, surgical intervention, mortality, and length of stay. We identified a total of 305 cases out of which 176 (58%) were males and 129 (42%) were females. The mean age of the patients was 46.9±18.8 years. 95 (31%) had prosthetic valves in place. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 54 (39%) patients followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in 23 (17%). Echocardiography revealed vegetations and abscesses in 236 (77%) and 4 (1%) patients, respectively. The most common valvular complication was mitral valve regurgitation found in 26 (9%) patients, followed by tricuspid valve regurgitation in 13 (4%) patients and aortic valve regurgitation in 11 (3%) patients. Furthermore, 81 (27%) patients suffered from heart failure and 66 (22%) from a stroke during hospitalization. The mean hospital length of stay was 10.4 ± 10.6 days. 64 (21%) patients required surgical repair and the overall mortality rate was 25%. Prosthetic valve endocarditis (OR = 3.74, 95% CI = 2.15-6.50,

Spectrum of Breast Diseases in a Breast Clinic of a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: To determine the pattern and clinical presentation of breast diseases in different age groups presenting to a breast clinic. Methods: It was a retrospective descriptive study which included all patients presenting to a breast clinic for three years. Age at presentation, symptoms, clinical features, investigations, operative findings and specimen reports were recorded and submitted for analysis. . Results: A total of 3568 patients were included. Mastalgia was the commonest findings (39.42%) followed by fibroadenoma(15.83%) and carcinoma of breast (12.61%). Pain in the breast was the commonest presenting symptom (40.38%). Lump in the breast was found in 22.84%, while pain and lump were present in 27.27% of patients. Among carcinoma breast, intra ductal carcinoma was the commonest (57.55%) followed by malignant phyllodes tumour (17.77%). Conclusion: Most common breast diseases presenting in our setting are mastalgia, fibroadenoma and breast carcinoma. Dedicated breast clinic in our public sector hospitals is need of time. It will help to create awareness about breast diseases among general public and will be a source to collect data about disease burden so that future policies can be streamline

Obesity diagnoses in children and adolescents in Norway by immigrant background

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