Terapias antitumorales basadas en mecanismos moleculares que controlan el ciclo celular eucariota

En esta revisión se analizan las etapas que las diferentes células tienen que superar para poder realizar una división correcta, y de esta manera proporcionar un correcto material genético a las células hijas. Estas etapas están recogidas dentro del ciclo celular, con sus diferentes etapas y con puntos de control que permiten a la célula progresar si todo está correcto o detener el ciclo celular si se detecta algún error. Las células tumorales se caracterizan por tener alguna mutación o fallo en estos mecanismos regulatorios, permitiendo que la célula se desarrolle en unas condiciones no óptimas. En este punto radica la importancia de las estrategias terapéuticas antitumorales, en el bloqueo o inhibición de algunos puntos clave en el desarrollo del ciclo celular, buscando la muerte de las células con alguna anomalía que pueda poner en peligro la vida de nuestros pacientes. El perfil de las drogas más características de cada grupo se explica en esta revisión.In this review we analyse the stages that the different cells have to overcome in order to make a correct division, and in this way provide a correct genetic material to the daughter cells. These stages are collected within the cell cycle, with different stages and checkpoints that allow the cell to progress if everything is correct or to stop the cell cycle if an error is detected. Tumour cells are characterized by having mutations or failures in these regulatory mechanisms, allowing the cell to grow and proliferate in a non-optimal condition. In here lies the importance of anti-tumour therapeutic strategies, blocking or inhibiting some key points in the development of the cell cycle, looking for the death of cells presenting anomalies that could endanger the lives of our Patients. The most characteristic drug profile of each group is explained in this review.Grado en Medicin

Efficacy of Bromhexine versus Standard of Care in Reducing Viral Load in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Disease Attended in Primary Care: A Randomized Open-Label Trial

A 28-day randomized open-label multicenter study was conducted to assess the efficacy of bromhexine plus standard of care (SOC) (n = 98) vs. SOC alone (n = 93) in 191 outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in the primary health care setting. Bromhexine three daily doses of 10 mL (48 mg/day) were administered for seven days. The primary efficacy endpoint was the reduction of viral load estimated as the cycle thresholds (Ct) to detect ORF1ab, N Protein, and S Protein genes by RT-qPCR in saliva samples on day 4 as compared with baseline. Ct values of the three genes increased from baseline throughout days 4 to 14 (p < 0.001) but significant differences between the study groups were not found. Differences in the percentages of patients with low, medium, and high viral loads at 4, 7, and 14 days were not found either. In summary, treatment with bromhexine plus SCO was associated with a viral load reduction of ORF1ab, N Protein, and S Protein genes at day 4, which was not significantly different than similar viral load reductions observed with SOC alone. The present findings do not seem to favor the use of bromhexine as an antiviral in patients with COVID-19