A Review of the Progress of COVID-19 Vaccine Development

A coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) is still a global problem with not sufficientevidence of a declining pattern caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2). It is generally accepted that normal life is impeded by securing a reliablevaccine strategy. Many countries have accelerated the process of clinical trials to createeffective treatment with COVID-19. More than 200 candidate vaccines have been started forSARS-CoV-2 testing. This review attempts to provide an overview of the currently emergingCOVID-19 vaccine types, address the theoretical and practical challenges of vaccines forCOVID-19 and discuss possible strategies to help vaccine design succeed. The first move wasto take out papers using the initial keyword “pandemics, vaccines and vaccine types”. A totalof 63,538 results (including 1,200 journals; 16,875 books; and 12,871 web pages), with theinitial keyword, searched for in the Scopus database. Further improvements were searched onkeywords such as "pandemic and vaccine types" (711 newspapers and 5,053 webpages). Thisreview attempts to overview the historical and important basic information about thepandemics viz. history, virological characteristics, structure, origin and physio-chemicalproperties. The second phase includes the vaccination types and strategies in depth. It includesthe diagnosis, virology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-COV-2/COVID-19vaccines. The development, planning strategies, types, cost and current scenarios of COVID19 vaccines are depicted in detail. The pandemic COVID-19 as it continues, is a globalproblem. Vaccination seems to be an efficient and economical way to mitigate and control theepidemic. This requires a mass production of successful COVID-19 vaccines