Evaluation of the effect of piperine per se and its interaction with ondansetron on haloperidol induced catalepsy in Albino mice

Background: This study aims to evaluate the per se effect of piperine and its interaction with ondansetron on haloperidol induced catalepsy in swiss albino mice.Methods: The piperine crystals were separated from crude extract of Piper nigrum. Catalepsy was induced by haloperidol (1mg/kg, i.p.). Control group received 2% gum acacia (10ml/kg), standard group ondansetron (0.5mg/kg), test group piperine (10mg/kg) and combination group ondansetron plus piperine (0.5mg/kg + 10mg/kg), per oral, respectively. In acute study, drugs were administered only once, one hour prior to the haloperidol administration. Whereas in chronic study, catalepsy was determined on the seventh day of treatment.Results: In acute study, from 60 min onwards after haloperidol administration, ondansetron and ondansetron plus piperine group resulted in significantly lower cataleptic scores than the control treated group. On the other hand, 120 min onwards ondansetron group showed significantly lower cataleptic scores (24.62) as compared to the ondansetron plus piperine group (31.50). In the chronic study, from 60 min onwards, ondansetron and the ondansetron plus piperine resulted in significantly lower cataleptic scores than the control treated group. Also the combination of ondansetron plus piperine was more significantly protective compared to ondansetron alone (P <0.05).Conclusions: Piperine has the potential to be used as a bioenhancer when combined with other drugs which would reduce the dose of drugs and thereby adverse effects. It may act probably by enhancing the bioavailability as well as by inhibiting the metabolic pathways of other drugs

Evaluation of antidepressant activity of l-methylfolate per se and its interaction with escitalopram in mice

Background: Depression is a worldwide illness in the current population. Low levels of L-methylfolate are linked to depression. Present study evaluates the anti-depressive activity of acute and chronic administration of L-methylfolate per se in forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) and its interaction with escitalopram in albino mice.Methods: For this 30 swiss albino mice were divided randomly into five groups (n=6) as group I (control,10ml/Kg, p.o) - 2% suspension of gum acacia, group II - escitalopram suspension (10mg/kg, p.o), group III- L-methylfolate suspension (3mg/kg, p.o), group IV- L-methylfolate (3mg/kg, p.o) plus escitalopram (5mg/kg, p.o), group V- L-methylfolate(3mg/kg, p.o) plus escitalopram(10mg/kg, p.o), for forced swimming test. In tail suspension test again, mice were divided in five groups as above except that the dose of L-methylfolate was reduced to 1.25mg/kg. The pharmacologically validated models forced swimming test and tail suspension test were performed in mice to evaluate acute and chronic antidepressant activity of L-methylfolate and its combination with escitalopram respectively, after performing an acute toxicity study.Results: L-methylfolate and L-methylfolate plus escitalopram (10mg/Kg and 5mg/Kg, p.o) showed acute and chronic antidepressant activity in albino mice in FST and TST respectively. In human L-methylfolate is only active form of folic acid that readily crosses the blood brain barrier and utilized by the CNS. It regulates the bioavailability of critical cofactor BH4, required by enzymes synthesizing monoamines whose deficiency leads to depression.Conclusions: Hence, this study suggests antidepresant activity of L-methylfolate per se and as adjuvant with escitalopram when initiated from initiation of antidepressant therapy. Also, L-methylfolate opens the possibility of reducing the dose of antidepressant when used as adjuvant

Evaluation of antianxiety effect of cinnamaldehyde in swiss albino mice

Background: Cinnamon is one of the best known spices used as an herbal medicine. Cinnamaldehyde (CNM) the volatile oil, which was present in the essential oil of the bark, is the important constituents of cinnamon. Cinnamon has been investigated for its various effects like peptic ulcer protection, antioxidant property, inhibition of tau aggregation, anti-inflammatory activity, effect on cardiovascular system, anti-nociceptive activity, hepato-protective effects, hypolipidemic and antidiabetic activites. The present study was aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of CNM per se and its interaction with diazepam in swiss albino mice.Methods: Anxiolytic activity was evaluated by elevated plus maze method. A group of 36 healthy mice of either sex weighing 20-30 grams were divided at random into six groups (n=6). CNM and diazepam were dissolved in tween twenty 20% to maintain uniformity of the solvent and given orally. Group I was given twenty 20% (10 ml/kg, p.o.), group II diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.), group III diazepam (1 mg/kg, p.o.), group IV cinnamaldehyde (100 mg/kg, p.o.), group V cinnamaldehyde (200 mg/kg, p.o.), group VI cinnamaldehyde and diazepam (100 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, p.o.).Results: Cinnamaldehyde per se showed no anxiolytic effect at any dose (p<0.05). The standard drug diazepam has shown significant anxiolytic activity on elevated plus maze. Whereas combination of diazepam 0.5 mg/kg and cinnamaldehyde 100 mg/kg showed significant increase in the time spent in open arms as compared to all groups (p<0.05).Conclusions: CNM per se did not show any effect on anxiety but enhanced the action of diazepam when co-administered

Study of various treatment modalities of caesarean scar pregnancy

Background: Caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) can be defined as the implantation of the gestational sac within the scar of a previous caesarean surgery. Incidence of CSP is 1 in 1800 pregnancies.Methods: It is a retrospective study based on clinical diagnosis and management of CSP of women who presented to the obstetrics and gynaecology department SVP hospital from January 2008 to August 2021. Total number of cases of CSP were 28. Incidence, gestational age, ultrasound findings, serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels, flow profiles of color Doppler, and different methods of treatment were recorded. Diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound.Results: In this study, all 28 cases of CSP considered were offered definitive management. In present study 5 cases (17.88%) showed torrential haemorrhage during dilatation and evacuation (D and E) which was treated by various methods like 1 (3.57%) Foley’s tamponade, 1 (3.57%) uterine artery embolization (UAE) and 3 (10.71%) hysterectomy. Hysterotomy was performed in 13 cases (46.42%) and (7.69%) of heterotrophic CSP (HCSP). One case (3.84%) of CSP presented at 26 weeks of gestation with haemorrhagic shock, underwent obstetric hysterectomy.Conclusions: There is a rise in the incidence of CSP because of increase in the global rate of caesarean sections and early transvaginal USG in pregnancy. Transvaginal sonography is the best diagnostic tool. Medical management can be offered when diagnosis is made at gestational age of 7 weeks of gestational age. Surgical management has an advantage of shorter follow up.

SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF CLOPIDOGREL BISULFATE BY SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUE USING CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE SODIUM AND XANTHAN GUM

Solid dispersions formulated to improve solubility &amp; dissolution rate of poorly soluble drug clopidogrel bisulfate. Physical mixtures &amp; solid dispersions of clopidogrel bisulfate were prepared with carboxymethylcellulose sodium and xanthan gum in the weight ratios of 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5 using kneading method. The prepared solid dispersions were characterized by solubility determination, drug content, In Vitro dissolution and accelerated stability studies. The results revealed that solid dispersions shown improvement in solubility and dissolution characteristics than the physical mixtures and pure drug. The reasons for increase in solubility and dissolution rate is decrease in particle size, increased surface area, amorphous state of the drug in solid dispersions, absence of aggregation and increased wetting of drug molecules. It was also observed that solid dispersions of drug with both carriers showed increased dissolution rate in the ratio of 1:5 (Drug: Carrier) in comparison to pure drug and found to be stable during stability studies

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF OLANZAPINE IN MARKETED FORMULATION

A simple, accurate, precise and rapid stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the analysis of Olanzapine in marketed formulation. Analysis was performed on a C-18 (250mm x 4.60mm, 5 µm) column as stationary phase and using mobile phase which was Potassium di-hydrogen phosphate Buffer (pH 6): Acetonitrile (60:40) (v/v) at a flow rate of 1ml/min with UV detection at 258 nm at constant room temperature. The injection volume was 20 µl and the chromatographic runtime of 5 min was used. Proposed method was found to be linear in the range of 5-25 μg/ml with the correlation coefficient 0.998. The validation and the reliability of proposed method were assessed by recovery study. The recovery of added standards (80%, 100% 120%) was ranging from 99.58% - 100.50%. The robustness of developed method was checked by changing temperature, flow rate and mobile phase ratio

Pharmacological Assessment of Antidiabetic Potential of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Cassia fistula Linn. in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Major public health problem “diabetes†is approaching epidemic proportions globally and increasing at alarming rate all over the world. The Medicinal plants of India plays important role in the management of diabetes as they possess potent activity against diabetes. The present study protocol is aimed to evaluate antidiabetic activities of hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia fistula pod in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in the rats by single intraperitoneal administration of Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg b.wt.). C. fistula pod extract at three different doses (100, 200 and 500 mg/kg b.wt./day) were administered orally with for 30 days to diabetic rats. The results were compared with standard drug glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.wt./day) treated rats. The results showed that streptozotocin treated diabetic control rats suffered with decrease in the body weight and glycogen content in the liver as well as significant increase in the blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels as compared to normal control rats. Oral administration of C. fistula pod extract or glibenclamide to diabetic animals for 30 days increased body weight and hepatic glycogen content and significant reduction in the blood glucose and HbA1c levels and as compared to diabetic control rats. The present results and study showed that C. fistula pod possess significant antidiabetic activity

Exploring Bicultural Identities of Asian High School Students Through the Analytic Window of a Literature Club

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/88109/1/JAAL.48.1.2.pd

Evaluation of the effect of piperine per se and its interaction with ondansetron on haloperidol induced catalepsy in Albino mice

Background: This study aims to evaluate the per se effect of piperine and its interaction with ondansetron on haloperidol induced catalepsy in swiss albino mice.Methods: The piperine crystals were separated from crude extract of Piper nigrum. Catalepsy was induced by haloperidol (1mg/kg, i.p.). Control group received 2% gum acacia (10ml/kg), standard group ondansetron (0.5mg/kg), test group piperine (10mg/kg) and combination group ondansetron plus piperine (0.5mg/kg + 10mg/kg), per oral, respectively. In acute study, drugs were administered only once, one hour prior to the haloperidol administration. Whereas in chronic study, catalepsy was determined on the seventh day of treatment.Results: In acute study, from 60 min onwards after haloperidol administration, ondansetron and ondansetron plus piperine group resulted in significantly lower cataleptic scores than the control treated group. On the other hand, 120 min onwards ondansetron group showed significantly lower cataleptic scores (24.62) as compared to the ondansetron plus piperine group (31.50). In the chronic study, from 60 min onwards, ondansetron and the ondansetron plus piperine resulted in significantly lower cataleptic scores than the control treated group. Also the combination of ondansetron plus piperine was more significantly protective compared to ondansetron alone (P &lt;0.05).Conclusions: Piperine has the potential to be used as a bioenhancer when combined with other drugs which would reduce the dose of drugs and thereby adverse effects. It may act probably by enhancing the bioavailability as well as by inhibiting the metabolic pathways of other drugs