Data of drowning related deaths with reference to entomological evidence from Haryana

Most often the newspapers and bulletin come out with voluminous cases of deaths due to drowning. At the same time an ample section of such cases encompass entomological evidences, that can be scrutinized as a very useful parameter in estimating post mortem interval (PMI). This research database is an outcome of a 2 years reflective study, based on an assessment of records related to human deaths due to drowning. The drowned bodies from various districts of Haryana are sent to PGIMS (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences), Rohtak. The study took the data of year 2015â2016 into consideration. All the cases were reviewed and summarized in terms of monthly occurrence of total cases, age differentiation, gender differentiation and month wise occurrence of entomological evidences on the dead bodies through detailed study of post mortem findings. This data will lead to an insight into the magnitude of drowning deaths in Haryana along with the usage of entomological data for determining Post Mortem Submersion Intervals (PMSI). Keywords: Drowning, Entomological evidences, PM

Data on haplotype diversity in the hypervariable region I, II and III of mtDNA amongst the Brahmin population of Haryana

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is routinely analysed for pathogenic mutations, evolutionary studies, estimation of time of divergence within or between species, phylogenetic studies and identification of degraded remains. The data on various regions of human mtDNA has added enormously to the knowledge pool of population genetics as well as forensic genetics. The displacement-loop (D-loop) in the control region of mtDNA is rated as the most rapidly evolving part, due to the presence of variations in this region. The control region consists of three hypervariable regions. These hypervariable regions (HVI, HVII and HVIII) tend to mutate 5–10 times faster than nuclear DNA. The high mutation rate of these hypervariable regions is used in population genetic studies and human identity testing. In the present data, potentially informative hypervariable regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) i.e. HVI (np 16024–16365), HVII (np 73–340) and HVIII (np 438–576) were estimated to understand the genetic diversity amongst Brahmin population of Haryana. Blood samples had been collected from maternally unrelated individuals from the different districts of Haryana. An array of parameters comprising of polymorphic sites, transitions, transversions, deletions, gene diversity, nucleotide diversity, pairwise differences, Tajima's D test, Fu's Fs test, mismatch observed variance and expected heterozygosity were estimated. The observed polymorphisms with their respective haplogroups in comparison to rCRS were assigned. Keywords: Mitochondrial DNA, D-loop, Hypervariable regions, Forensic genetic

Sequence polymorphism data of the hypervariable regions of mitochondrial DNA in the Yadav population of Haryana

Genetic variations among humans occur both within and among populations and range from single nucleotide changes to multiple-nucleotide variants. These multiple-nucleotide variants are useful for studying the relationships among individuals or various population groups. The study of human genetic variations can help scientists understand how different population groups are biologically related to one another. Sequence analysis of hypervariable regions of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been successfully used for the genetic characterization of different population groups for forensic purposes. It is well established that different ethnic or population groups differ significantly in their mtDNA distributions. In the last decade, very little research has been conducted on mtDNA variations in the Indian population, although such data would be useful for elucidating the history of human population expansion across the world. Moreover, forensic studies on mtDNA variations in the Indian subcontinent are also scarce, particularly in the northern part of India. In this report, variations in the hypervariable regions of mtDNA were analyzed in the Yadav population of Haryana. Different molecular diversity indices were computed. Further, the obtained haplotypes were classified into different haplogroups and the phylogenetic relationship between different haplogroups was inferred. Keywords: Genetic variation, Hypervariable regions, mtDNA, Forensic, Yada

Periodontal health status, oral mucosal lesions, and adverse oral habits among rubber factory workers of Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of periodontal disease, oral mucosal lesions, and tobacco usage among rubber factory workers of Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a total sample size of 3290 workers with an age group of 19–60 years old. Tobacco-related habits, periodontal health, and oral mucosal lesions were recorded using the modified World Health Organization pro forma (1997). Descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi-square, and one-way analysis of variance were used. Results: Higher tobacco usage frequency (78.28%) in both forms smoking and smokeless was found. The prevalence of periodontal disease and oral mucosal lesions was 87.4% and 41.24%, respectively, among the study population. The most common oral mucosal lesion found was leukoplakia (10.13%), followed by oral submucous fibrosis (4.67%) among the 50–60 years age group. The most commonly involved site in the present study for the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions is buccal mucosa (30.5%), followed by vestibular region (22.3%), tongue (16.1%), labial mucosa (10.3%), and palate (9.7%), whereas floor of mouth (6.4%) and commissures (4.7%) were the least involved. Conclusions: The findings of this study provided an insight into the periodontal health status, adverse oral habits, and the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions of factory workers, which may be useful in planning oral health programs and free services for tobacco cessation and dental treatment, especially to this industrial sector

“COVID- 19 Vaccination utilization pattern of the beneficiaries attending COVID 19 vaccination centre at a Medical college in Haryana, India”

Introduction: The COVID vaccination was introduced this year and there was lot of hesitancy amongst the people including health care workers. The pace of COVID vaccination increased with each passing day. No previous data was available about the utilization pattern of beneficiaries of COVID vaccination. Objective : This study was conducted to know the vaccine utilization pattern amongst general population as well as health care workers at a tertiary care health institute.Method: The beneficiaries who received COVID vaccination from 16th January 2021 to 15th June 2021 at a COVID Vaccination Centre of a tertiary care health institute in Haryana ( n= (Total = 9721).Result : Total number of beneficiaries vaccinated with 1st dose during the study period were 9721. Out of total vaccinated, 1600 (16.45%) were health care workers. Coverage of vaccination with first dose was maximum in the administrative staff (Data Entry Operators /Clerk/IT/other managers, Receptionist, Technical Staff etc) was 100 % and minimum in doctors ( 66.4 %) .Conclusion: Vaccine coverage in HCW with first dose in the study hospital was 82.27 % and for 2nd dose was 64.35% which is comparatively less to first dose. More sensitization of HCW is required to motivate them for second dose of Covid vaccination

Understanding the Role of Keratins 8 and 18 in Neoplastic Potential of Breast Cancer Derived Cell Lines

<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Breast cancer is a complex disease which cannot be defined merely by clinical parameters like lymph node involvement and histological grade, or by routinely used biomarkers like estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PGR) and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in diagnosis and prognosis. Breast cancer originates from the epithelial cells. Keratins (K) are cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins of epithelial cells and changes in the expression pattern of keratins have been seen during malignant transformation in the breast. Expression of the K8/18 pair is seen in the luminal cells of the breast epithelium, and its role in prognostication of breast cancer is not well understood.</p> <h3>Methodology/Principal Findings</h3><p>In this study, we have modulated K8 expression to understand the role of the K8/18 pair in three different breast epithelium derived cell lines: non-transformed MCF10A, transformed but poorly invasive MDA MB 468 and highly invasive MDA MB 435. The up-regulation of K8 in the invasive MDA MB 435 cell line resulted in a significant decrease in proliferation, motility, <em>in-vitro</em> invasion, tumor volume and lung metastasis. The down-regulation of K8 in MDA MB 468 resulted in a significant increase in transformation potential, motility and invasion <em>in-vitro</em>, while MCF10A did not show any changes in cell transformation assays.</p> <h3>Conclusions/Significance</h3><p>These results indicate the role of K8/18 in modulating invasion in breast cancer -its presence correlating with less invasive phenotype and absence correlating with highly invasive, dedifferentiated phenotype. These data may have important implications for prognostication of breast cancer.</p> </div

Analysis of change in tumorigenicity and metastatic potential on K8 up−/down- regulated clones of MDA MB 435 and MCF10A cell lines.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Representative images of NOD-SCID mice bearing tumors of vector control (K8Vc) and K8 over-expressed (K8C1) clones, 7 weeks after the injection in mammary fat pad. (<b>B</b>) Tumor growth was plotted against time (*p<0.05, **p<0.01 by student’s t-test). Results are mean of ± SE for five animals injected for each clone. (<b>C</b>) Representative images of excised lungs of animals injected with vector control (K8Vc) and K8 over-expressed (K8C1) clones. (<b>D</b>) H&E stained lung sections of animals injected with MDA MB 435 vector control clone (K8Vc) showing metastatic foci throughout the lungs and K8 over-expressed clone (K8C1) showing no metastasis. (<b>E</b>) Representative images of NOD-SCID mice injected with MCF10A vector control (MVc) and K8 down-regulated (MShC1) clones, 7 weeks after the injection in mammary fat pad. <b>Note:</b> Lungs of animals injected with MDA MB 435 vector control clone showing metastatic nodules and lungs of animals injected with K8 over-expressed MDAMB 435 clone (K8C1) showing no visible metastatic nodules.</p

Analysis of vimentin expression in K8 (over-expressed) MDA-MB-435 and K8 (down-regulated) MDA-MB-468 and MCF10A clones.

<p>Representative confocal images of vimentin filaments (<b>A</b>) K8 over-expressed MDA MB 435 (K8C1) and vector control (K8Vc) clones. (<b>B</b>) MDA MB 468 K8 down-regulated (ShC1) and vector control (Vc) clones. (<b>C</b>) MCF10A K8 down-regulated (MshC1) and vector control (MVc) clones. Scale bar: 10 µm. For measuring the intensity of the cells the 4% laser with emission filter band pass of 505–550 was used. All the scanning conditions of gain offset and laser percentage were kept same and applied for all images of vector and their respective clones with secondary control as threshold. The mean fluorescence intensity of 20 cells was calculated and the average of three independent experiments was calculated. Results are mean of ± SE of three independent experiments performed <b>Note:</b> No change in vimentin expression or filament formation on K8 up−/down-regulation.</p

Analysis of K8 and K18 expression in K8 (over-expressed) MDA MB 435 and K8 (down-regulated) MDA MB 468 and MCF10A clones.

<p>Western blot analysis of K8/18 using mAbs to K8 and K18 respectively (<b>A</b>) MDA MB 435 K8 over-expressed (K8C1, C2 and C3) and vector control (K8Vc) clones. (<b>C</b>) MDA MB 468 K8 down-regulated (ShC1, C2 and C3) and vector control (Vc) clones. (<b>E</b>) MCF10A K8 down-regulated (MshC1, C2 and C3) and vector control (MVc) clones. β-actin was taken as loading control. Representative confocal images of K8 and K18 filaments (<b>B</b>) K8 over-expressed in MDA MB 435 (K8C1) and vector control (K8Vc) clones. (<b>D</b>) MDA MB 468 K8 down-regulated (ShC1) and vector control (Vc) clones. (<b>F</b>) MCF10A K8 down-regulated (MShC1) and vector control (MVc) clones. Scale bar: 10 µm. <b>Note:</b> Formation of K18 filaments in K8 over-expressed MDAMB 435 clones; No change in K18 filaments in K8 down-regulated MDA MB 468 clones; diffused K18 filament formation in K8 down-regulated MCF10A clones.</p

Analysis of changes in soft agar colony forming potential and cell proliferation on K8 up−/down-regulation.

<p>Representative phase contrast images (10X) of colonies formed in soft agar (<b>A</b>) MDA MB 435 K8 over-expressed (K8C1) and vector control (K8Vc) clones. Histogram showing number of colonies of MDA MB 435 K8 overexpressed (K8C1, and C2) and vector control (K8Vc) clones (right hand side). (<b>C</b>) MDA MB 468 K8 down-regulated (ShC1) and vector control (Vc) clones. Histogram showing number of colonies of MDA MB 468 K8 down-regulated (ShC1, C2and C3) and vector control (Vc) clones (right hand side). (<b>E</b>) MCF10A K8 down-regulated (MShC1) and vector control (MVc) clones. Histogram showing number of colonies of MCF10A K8 down-regulated (MshC1, C2 and C3) and vector control (MVc) clones (right hand side). <b>Note:</b> Increase in soft agar colonies formed in K8 down-regulated MDA MB 468 clones (*p<0.05 by students t-test). Cell proliferation curves of (<b>B</b>) MDA MB 435 K8 overexpressed (K8C1, C2 and C3) and vector control (K8Vc) clones. (<b>D</b>) MDA MB 468 K8 down-regulated (ShC1, C2 and C3) and vector control (Vc) clones. (<b>F</b>) MCF10A K8 down-regulated (MShC1, C2 and C3) and vector control (MVc) clones. Cell proliferation was plotted against time. Results are mean ± SE of three independent experiments performed in triplicate. <b>Note:</b> Decrease in proliferation in K8 over-expressed clones of MDA MB 435 (*p<0.05, **p<0.01 by students t-test).</p