Reovirus effectively reduces tumor mass in unilateral MCT xenograft mouse models.

<p>(A) VIMC and (B) CoMS (1×10⁷ cells) were implanted subcutaneously at the right flank. Once the desired tumor size was achieved (day 0), tumors were treated with a single intratumoral injection of 7×10⁷ PFUs of reovirus or UV-inactivated reovirus. Tumor size was measured every other day with a caliper. Data represents the mean and standard deviation of each treatment group. *, p<0.05 (by Student's <i>t</i> test).</p

Reovirus induces dramatic effects in canine BMCMC but milder effects in murine BMCMC.

<p>Canine and murine BMCMC in triplicate wells were either mock-infected or infected with reovirus at MOI 70 before cell viability was examined with 0.25% trypan blue at 72 hpi before input and progeny virus titer were determined using TCID₅₀ assay. Mean and standard deviation from dog 1 and 2 were shown in (A, B) while data of mouse BMCMC (C, D) represents the mean and standard deviation from three C57BL/6N mice. *, p<0.05 (by Student's <i>t</i> test).</p

Reovirus induces cell death in MCT cell lines via the apoptosis pathway.

<p>(A) Reovirus-infected (MOI 70) canine MCT cell lines were harvested at 48 or 72 hpi and stained with propidium iodide (PI) before fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) acquisition. Cell death was determined by the proportion of subG1 cells. Data represents the mean and standard deviation of three independent experiments. (B) Whole cell lysates of reovirus-infected (MOI 70) canine MCT cell lines at 6 and 24 hpi were prepared before proteins were separated using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Presence of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) cleavage was determined using anti-PARP antibody. β-actin was used as protein loading controls. (C) Canine MCT cell lines in triplicate wells were pre-treated with DMSO, 10 μM or 100 μM of Z-VAD-FMK for 30 minutes at 37°C incubator before being infected with reovirus at MOI 70. Cell viability was assessed with 0.25% trypan blue at 48 hpi. Data represents the mean and standard deviation of three independent experiments.</p

Reovirus effectively exerts effect in MCT cell lines.

<p>(A) VIMC, CoMS, CM-MC, HRMC, RBL-2H3 and P815 cells in triplicate wells were either mock-infected or infected with reovirus at MOI 70. Human Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines, Daudi and Raji, were used as negative and positive controls respectively. After 72 hours post-infection (hpi), cell viability was assessed with 0.25% trypan blue. Data represents the mean and standard deviation of three independent experiments. *, p<0.05 (by Student's <i>t</i> test). (B) Supernatant of reovirus-infected (MOI 70) MCT cell lines was harvested at 72 hpi before input and progeny virus titer were determined by TCID₅₀ assay. Data represents the log₁₀ mean viral yield and standard deviation from three independent experiments. *, p<0.05 (by Student's <i>t</i> test). (C) Photomicrographs of mock-infected (upper panels) and reovirus-infected (MOI 70; lower panels) canine MCT cells taken at 72 hpi.</p