シミュレーションテキ シュホウ ニヨル タイキ カンキョウ ジョウホウ キョウイク オンシツ コウカ キタイ ニヨル チキュウ オンダンカ ノ ヨソク

大学教育の場において地球環境問題の本質を理解し定量的に把握できる能力を育成する手段として,コンピュータによるシミュレーションが有益であるとの視点から,地球環境問題として最も関心の高い温暖化をとりあげ,温室効果気体による地表温度の変化を試算する簡便な方法を提案した。温室効果気体は他の気体の影響を受けないで,個々の寿命に応じて濃度が減衰すると考え,排出量をもとに濃度を算出し,さらに放射強制力を求めて温度変化を試算するやり方である。その結果,例えば今後100年間でさらに温度は1.5K上昇することなどが予測でき,排出量と共に寿命の長さが温暖化に対して大きな影響をもつことを示すことができた。本法は簡便ではあるが,正確さを犠牲にしている面も多い。濃度変化を算出するときにその気体の循環システム全体を考慮するとか,温度上昇により雲量が増加するなど温室効果の二次的効果も含めるなどすることにより,さらに精度の高いシミュレーションが可能であろうが,それに伴う労力の増加はかなり大きいであろう。Computer simulation is an effective technique for understanding the essence of atmospheric environmental problems and for increasing the ability quantitatively treating those phenomena in the education of information fields. As one of its application, we propose a simple simulation procedure to predict changes in global surface temperature due to greenhouse gases which is the most important environmental problem. This method is based on an idea that decreasing concentrations of each greenhouse gas proceeds without any influence of other gases and depends only on its specific lifetime. Concentration estimated from emission scenarios for each gas is used to evaluate radiative forcing and to predict temperature changes on the global surface. Typical results obtained have predicted that temperature rises further by 1.5 K after 100 years and is affected by not only emission amounts but also the lifetime of each gas. The procedure proposed here is very simple, but it is also apparent that there are many problems as to its accuracy. For example, changes in concentration should be calculated by considering global circulating system of the gas, and secondary influences caused by greenhouse effects should be included to estimate global warming. Modification of the present procedure by adding these factors will lead to results with higher accuracy levels, but at the same time it needs very complicated time and effort

地域において働き盛り世代が青少年の育成活動に参加する意義

本研究の目的は働き盛り世代の住民が地域において青少年の育成活動に参加する意義を明らかにし、 これからの地域づくりについて考察することである。地区の青少年育成部の活動に今年度参加した9名（全員）を対象に構造化インタビューを行った。また、 フイールドワークとして青少年育成部の活動に参加した保健師養成課程の学生10名が、その特長についてラベルに書き出した。KJ法を用いて分析した結果、活動は対象となる子どもだけでなく、地域住民や活動する働き盛り世代にも良い影響を与えていた。このような活動は今後の生き生きとした地域づくりのきっかけになると考えられる

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Transient Wheal Attack Corresponding to the Tumor Lesions of Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma, Leg Type after Successive Rituximab Treatment

An elderly male noticed urticarial patches corresponding to cutaneous B cell lymphoma lesions after rituximab treatment. Along with the resolution of urticaria, the lymphoma lesions completely remitted without recurrence. In this communication, we present an interesting case and the pathophysiological findings of a wheal attack in a case with tumor remission following systemic treatment with rituximab, a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody