Aplikasi Model GARCH pada Data Inflasi Bahan Makanan Indonesia

In the econometric analysis of time series, data with high volatility will bevery risky to be used as a basis for doing forecasting. Included in this analysis is thevolatility of food inflation in Indonesia. Time series data have a tendency to bully theerror variance (error term) are constant over time. Appropriate econometric model toestimate such behavior is called the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH)model (Engle, 1982) and the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity(GARCH) model developed by Borreslev 1986. This paper attempts to use models ofARCH / GARCH to explain the behavior of food inflation in Indonesia period 2005.1-2010.6, explained by incorporating elements of ARCH / GARCH this will produce abetter estimation

Infektifitas Spodoptera Exigua Nucleopolyhedrovirus (Senpv) Yang Diperkaya Dengan Bahan Pengaktif Terhadap Larva Spodoptera Exigua Huebner [the Infectivity of Spodoptera Exigua Nucleopolyhedrovirus (Senpv) Enriched with the Enhancer to the Spodoptera Exigua Huebner Larvae]

Spodoptera exigua Huebner nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV) is an entomophathogenic virus of onion caterpillar S. exigua larvae commonly used as bioinsecticide. The major limitations of SeNPV for biocontrol of onion caterpillar is it requires long time for the virus to kill the insect host. This research was aimed to find out the material as phagostimulant to increase the infectivity of SeNPV and to determine the optimum boric acid concentration as an enhancer for SeNPV activities. This research was conducted at laboratory using Cipanas isolate of SeNPV and third instar of S. exigua larvae. Phagostimulant used are 5% ofsucrose, soybean sauces, molases, sugar and turmeric filtrate,and the enhancers used are 0,1%, 1%, 5% and 10% concentration of boric acid. This result indicated that soybean sauces and sucrose increased S. exigua consumption and enhanced the infectivity of SeNPV. When mixed with polyhedra of SeNPV, 1% to 5% sucrose significantly increased S. exigua consumption and increased the infectivity of SeNPV, while 10% sucrose tended to decrease the feeding of S. exigua. Boric acid enhanced the infectivity of SeNPV. However, the increase of boric acid concentration should be restricted maximum at 5% for avoiding the negative impacts on the environment

Uji Patologi Spodoptera Exigua Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV) Pada Larva Spodoptera Exigua Huebner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV) is an entomophathogenic virus of S. exigua larvae commonly usedas bioinsecticide. This research was aimed to 1) study the symptoms of SeNPV infection on the S. exigua larvae inthe laboratory, 2) examine the virulence of SeNPV on the 3rd instar of S. exigua larvae and (3) find out the optimalconcentration of polyhedra and harvesting time. The infection of SeNPV on the S. exigua larvae was inhibitedmolting process and disturbing larval growth. The color of infected larvae gradually changed become more dark,and at the end of infection, larvae died with fragile and broken integument. Infected larvae showed reduction infeeding activities. The LC50 of SeNPV on 3rd instar larvae in the laboratory was estimated 6.65 x 105 POBs/ml.The polyhedra concentration used for virus propagation was 5.88 x 106 POBs/ml. The optimal harvesting time was5 days after inoculation, where most of the infected larvae had died but the body still intact

Viabilitas Dan Infektivitas Formulasi Cendawan Entomopatogen Lecanicillium Lecanii Sebagai Biopestisida Pengendalian Telur Kepik Coklat Riptortus Linearis

Lecanicillium lecanii fungi is an effective entomopathogenic fungus to control soybean pod sucking bug. The fungi is able to parasitize spore of pathogens that cause major diseases of soybean, such as rust, downy mildew, and powdery mildew. The study was aimed to determine the 12 formulations that can maintain spore viability and infectivity for 12 months. The formulations used talk, kaolin, sweet potato flour, cassava flour, rice flour, corn flour, soybean flour, mungbean flour, peanut flour, potato flour, molasses, peanut oil, and soybean oil based medium. Each medium was sterilized and mixed individually with conidia suspension of L. lecanii to form powder formulations that contained 107 conidia/ml. The spore viability and infectivity were tested after storing the formulations for twelve months. The result showed that viability and infectivity of spores in the formulation was lower with the longer period of storage. Viability of conidia in the formulation decreased to the lowest 20% after 12 months storage, especially that in peanut powder formulation. The spore viability in the cassava flour formulation was the highest (95%). Infectivity of the L. lecanii formulation using cassava flour to inhibit egg hatching of brown stink bug was 60% after 12 months storage. The viability and infectivity of L. lecanii spores in powder formulation was better than those in liquid formulations

Application of Copper Fungicide and Row Covers to Control Phytophthora Seedling Blight Disease on Cocoa

Phytophthora seedling blight disease is one of the important diseases in cocoa. The disease is caused by the fungus of Phytophthora palmivora belongs to class Oomycetes. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the use of row covers and copper oxide fungicide applications to control seedling blight Phytophthora. Covering treatment was to place cocoa seedlings inside bamboo frame covered by transparent plastic in order to avoid from rainfall effect. The research was conducted in the Kaliwining Experimental Station at Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI). Experiments were carried out four treatments and repeated 6 times. Each treatment consists of 100 seedlings planted in polybags and placed in the nursery area with a protective paranet. The treatment consisted of (1) row covers, (2) spraying of copper oxide 0.2%, (3) a combination of row covers and copper oxide 0.2% and (4) control (no covers and spray). Observations made 7 days after treatment with an interval of 7 days for 10 weeks. The results showed that row covers able to prolong the incubation period of the disease for 14 days, while the application of row covers + copper oxide 0.2% was able to save cocoa seedlings by 96.2%

Packaging of Post Acclimatized Somatic Embryogenesis Cocoa Plantlet (Theobroma Cacao L.)

Clonal plants that produced by somatic embryogenesis technique is one of the best choice to produce supperior clonal cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) planting materials. The somatic embryogenesis technique is a possible way for massive propagation, the outcome is true to type plants, the architecture similarity that the seedlings but there is not segregation like seedlings plants. At present mass production started of plantlets production until post-acclimatized plantlets of somatic embryogenesis cocoa was done at Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. Distribution system of the planting materials to whole areas in form of as up-rooted post-acclimatized plantlet. Some problems identified to reduce probability of decreasing viability of up-rooted post-acclimatized plantlets and one of them is extreme internal water deficit. This research investigate of the influece storage condition (air tight and non-air tight) and box storage (mica plastic and cardboardbox). The first experiment result show, there is no significant different between mica plastic and cardboard box USAge for storage of post-acclimatized cocoa pantlet. Viability of up-rooted post acclimatized cocoa plantlet influenced exactly by air tight and non-air tight storage condition. Air tight storage condition have better viability of up-rooted post acclimatised (81,58%) than non-air tight storage condition (65,00%). Leaf sanasence on air tight storage condition (10,33%) lower than non-air tight storage (32,58%). There is not significantly on volume storage per plantlet between 4.416 cm3 and 12.600 cm3. Relationship between fallen leaves and cocoa planlet viability follow negative linear correlation y = -1,4719x + 104,88 (R2 = 0,9772). The second experiment treatment showed that maximal storage periode of post cclimatized cocoa plantlet just until 6 days stored (97%) and not significant with 3 days one. Viability of post acclimatized cocoa plantlet decreased after 6 days storage period

Bali Tour Object Visualization Using Multimedia Asymetrix Toolbook 4.0

Multimedia is a concept and new technology in the field of information technology. Where text, images, sound, animation and video incorporated into the computer to be stored, processed and presented on a linear or interactive.The Birth of Multimedia technology is a result of the advancement of electronic technology, computers and software. So with this multimedia technology will change the human task becomes easier

Penghilangan Polutan Organik dan Padatan Terrsuspensi di dalam Air Limbah Domestik dengan Proses Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (Mbbr)

One of the alternative technologies that could be used for domestic waste water treatment is the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). MBBR in principle is activated sludge that is increased by adding media in to the reactor, so there are two treatments process happened inside, suspended growth and attached growth. This research is using bioball as a media which has surface area of ±210 m2/m3 by 20% volume of reactor volume. Wastewater treatment by MBBR uses variations of Hydraulic Retention time (HRT) 12, 8, 6, and 4 hours, then the parameters measured were BOD, COD, TSS, temperature, and pH. Result of the study shows that within HRT for 12 hours in aeration tank, removal efficiency of COD is 81,37%, BOD is 82,4%, and TSS is 90,05%. HRT for 8 hours, COD removal efficiency is 88,72%, BOD is 89,7%, and TSS is 92,06%. HRT for 6 hours, COD removal efficiency is 85,48%, BOD is 80,15%, and TSS is 94,85%. HRT for 4 hours, COD removal efficiency is 81,07%, BOD is 87,88%, and TSS is 94,86%. With a retention time of 4 hours, the effluent results domestic wastewater treatment using MBBR has met quality standards in accordance with KEPMEN LH no. 112 of 2003 on Domestic Wastewater Quality Standard and Jakarta Governor Regulation no. 122 of 2005 on Domestic Wastewater Management in Special Province of Jakarta