Lipid Producing Microalgae From Several Ecosystems in West and Central Java, Indonesia

This study is aimed to get lipid producing microalgae as feedstock for biofuel production. The microalgae were isolated from 355 collected water samples which represented many distinct ecosystems such as paddy fields, rivers, agricultural dams, ponds, swampy areas and unique ecosystem of volcano and mud-volcano craters in West- and Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 267 strains of microalgae were isolated from the samples of which 221 strains of them have capability to produce lipid. There were four promising strains that produce lipid between 14.7 – 45.7 percent dry weight in optimal condition that were identified as Chlamydomonas sp. KO-7267 and PK-7195, Chlorella sp. KS-7300 and Desmodesmus sp. BK-7291

The Effect of Methanotrophic Bacteria Application on Paddy Growth and Methane Emission in Rainfed Rice of Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Rice productivity in province of East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) is low due to the soil condition. One of the rice-producing regency in ENT is Kupang Regency with rainfed rice type. Paddy fields have also become a major source of methane emissions (CH4) as one of important greenhouse gases. This research aims to know the effect of methanotrophic bacteria application on paddy growth and methane emission at rainfed rice. Bacteria that used is Methylocystisrosea BGM 1, Methylobacter sp. SKM 14, Methylocystispalvus BGM 3 and Methylococcuscapsulatus BGM 9. This research used completely random design with threatment: (1) NPK 100% (P1), (2) NPK 50% (P2), (3) without fertilizer (P3), (4) NPK 100% + methanotrophic (P4), NPK 50% + methanotrophic (P5), and methanotrophic bacteria (P6). Gas sampling using closed chamber method.The application of methanotrophic bacteria increased the rice production. Treatment NPK 50% + methanotrophic (P5) from that rice field produced 7.0 t ha-1dry grain weight and methanotrophic bacteria treatment without NPK (P6) with improved 6.6 t ha-1dry grain weight, higher than controls of 4.9 ha-1 dry grain weight without any addition of synthetic fertilizer.The inoculation of methanotrophic bacteria increase rice production of 1.7 t ha-1.Result of methane flux measurement showed that application of methanotrophic bacteria may decrease methane emission in treatment of 100% NPK + methanotrophic (P4) (30 DAP) and treatment of 50% NPK + methanotrophic (P5) (60 DAP), -6.27 mg/m2/d and -23.87 mg/m2/d, respectively

The Potential of Exopolysaccharide-producing Bacteria From Rhizosphere of Rubber Plants for Improving Soil Aggregate

This study aimed to examine the effect of bacteria found in the rhizosphere of rubber plants in producing exopolysaccharides to improve aggregate stability of sandy soils. Samples of soil have been taken in rhizosphere of rubber plants in West Kalimantan. Serial soil samples were diluted and cultured on ATCC no.14 medium to select potential bacteria to produce exopolysaccharides. Forty-five isolates of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of rubber plants was inoculated on ATCC no.14 medium. Based on the observations of morphological colony of these isolates, most of them had similarities in colour and shape so that only ten different isolates were obtained based on the morphological colony. Ten isolates were re-grown on MacConcey medium. Three isolates formed thick or slimy mucus when cultured on MacConcey medium. Three isolates grown on the medium of ATCC 14 resulted in dry weight of exopolysaccharide (mg/mL) varying from 0.28 to 7.59 mg/mL with sucrose and glucose as carbon sources. The results of the molecular identification of the three isolates of Klebsiella sp. LW-13, Klebsiella pneumoniae strain DSM 30104 and Burkholderia anthina strain MYSP113 showed that Klebsiella sp. LW-13 and Burkholderia anthina strain MYSP113 with 2% organic matter increased soil aggregate stability from highly unstable (30.67%) to unstable (45.01-48.20%). This aligned with the results by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on treated soil and without bacteria treatments

Eksplorasi Konsorsium Mikrob Filosfer dan Rizosfer Asal Berbagai Ekosistem di Kabupaten Sigi Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah

Microbial consortium exploration in an ecosystem is a series of activities aimed at obtaining microb living in a consortium and beneficial to plant growth.The study aimed to obtain leaf and soil samples in various plants within an ecosystem, as a source of a consortium of microbial phyllosphere and rhizosphere to be tested for their effectiveness in increasing the growth and yield of rice crops. The method of determining the location is based on the method of transect sampling/line intersep plot design on an area of 5,196.02 km2. Site determination based on purposive sampling includes ecosystems: rice fields, gardens, pastures and forests.The results showed that, Sigi District has biodiversity in various ecosystems that have potential as source of consortium of microbial phyllosphere and rhizosphere. From the exploration results obtained a sample of 48 species of plants consisting of plants under the level of 30 species, 12 pile poles and 6 types of stakes. The results of the isolation of leaf and soil samples obtained 144 consortium of microbial phyllosphere and 48 consortium of microbial rhizosphere. The obtained consortium was then tested for its effectiveness on the growth and yield of rice crops in the next stage of the stud

The Diversity and Abundance of Springtail (Collembola) on Forests and Smallholder in Jambi

Harapan forests is the first restoration forest in Indonesia, includes several different ecosystems. Different ecosystems have different characteristic to affect the diversity and abundance of Collembola. In the ecosystem, Collembola have an important role in biocontrol, decomposition, soil nutrient distribution, stimulation of soil microbial activity and as an alternative feed for predators. This study was aimed to investigate the diversity and abundance of Collembola in four ecosystems at Harapan forest, i.e. secondary forest, rubber forest, rubber smallholder and oil palm smallholder. To achieve the objective, soil samples were taken at 48 observation points in the four ecosystem. The soil samples were then extracted by Kempson Extractor. The diversity and abundance of Collembola in four ecosystems were categorized as medium to high. The total of individual and population of Collembola in the secondary and rubber forest ecosystems were likely to be higher than in the rubber and oil palm smallholders. This study had also identified four orders, 14 families and 31 genera of Collembola, where Isotomiella and Proisotoma dominated the genus of Collembola in the four ecosystems. [How to Cite: Widrializa, R Widyastuti, DA Santosa and G Djajakirana. 2015. The Diversity and Abundance of Springtail (Collembola) on Forests and Smallholder in Jambi. J Trop Soils 20: 173-180. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.3.173][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2015.20.3.173]&nbsp

Potensi Kultur Campuran Bakteri Endofit Sebagai Pemacu Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Karet

Bakteri endofit adalah bakteri yang hidup dalam jaringan tanaman, dapat diisolasi melalui sterilisasi permukaan jaringan tanaman. Isolasi bakteri endofit dari tanaman karet yang berpotensi sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan sangat penting dilakukan. Pembuatan kultur campuran dari bakteri endofit diharapkan meningkatkan potensi dalam memacu pertumbuhan yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas bibit batang bawah tanaman karet. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mendapatkan kultur campuran bakteri endofit sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan bibit tanaman karet. Lima bakteri endofit dari tanaman karet yang berpotensi sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan yaitu Bacillus cereus KPD6, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KPA32, Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum LPD74, bacterium (bakteri tidak dikenal) LPD76, dan Providencia vermicola KPA38, diuji kompatibilitas untuk mendapatkan kultur campuran yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit batang bawah PB 260. Semua bakteri endofit terpilih kompatibel satu dengan yang lain. Aplikasi kultur campuran untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit batang bawah PB 260 memberikan hasil 2 kultur campuran terbaik. Kultur campuran 1 terdiri 2 spesies bakteri yaitu Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum LPD74 dan Providencia vermicola KPA38. Kultur campuran 2 terdiri 3 spesies bakteri yaitu Bacillus cereus KPD6, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KPA32, dan Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum LPD74. Bakteri endofit mampu masuk ke planlet bibit karet microcutting yang dibuktikan dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy. Diterima : 19 Mei 2014; Direvisi : 30 Mei 2014; Disetujui : 21 Juni 2014 How to Cite : Hidayati, U., Chaniago, I. A., Munif, A., Siswanto., & Santosa, D. A. (2014). Potensi kultur campuran bakteri endofit sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan bibit tanaman karet. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(2), 129-138. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/15

Hidrolisa Kolagen dalam Ceker Ayam Hasil Perendaman dengan Asam Asetat pada Proses Pembuatan Gelatin

Herry Santosa, Noer Abyor H, Nurmy Lailati Guyana, Sigit Firman Dwi Handono, Gelatin is a chemical compound with molecular formula (C102H151N31O39)n in the form of a heterogeneous mixture of polypeptide obtained by collagen partial hydrolysis of animal binding tissue by acid or base treatment. Sources of gelatin production generally derived from cow bones, pig skins, fish scales or chicken bones. Gelatin is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries because of its ability to form a thermoreversible gel, among others as a stabilizer on ice cream, capsule making materials and matrix for implants. The main objective of this research is to make gelatin with chicken claw based ingredients through the process of collagen hydrolysis. Specifically aims to determine the effects of acetic acid concentration on the collagen levels, determining the most influential variable between temperature and time on the hydrolysis process, as well as the assessment and determination of the optimum temperature or time in the hydrolysis process so as to approximate the criteria corresponding to the commercial gelatin characteristics, i.e gel strength (50-300 Bloom), viscosity (1.5-7,5 cP), and gelatin sensory properties. To answer that goal, the research is planned through 2 stages, namely the preparation stage, product creation, and gelatin flour characterization. The preparatory stage consists of cleansing, reduction of chicken claw and demineralization. The production stage consists of determining the most influential variables and the optimum variable variations (temperature and time) of the collagen hydrolysis process into gelatin flour based on the functional properties and gelatin sensory properties. The results of this research showed that the optimum concentration of acetic acid in demineralization was at a concentration of 1.5 N, the most influential variable was the temperature variable with a single effect average value - 5.05, the relatively good variable collagen hydrolysis was at 600 C and 4 hour