The Effect of social security, demography and technology on retirement

This article investigates the causes in the reduction of labor force participation ofthe old. We argue that the changes in social security policy, in technology and indemography may account for most of the changes in retirement over the second partof the last century in the U.S. economy. We develop a dynamic general equilibriummodel with endogenous retirement that embeds social security legislation. The modelis able to match very closely the increase in the retirement rate of males aged 65 andolder. It also quanti es the isolated impact on retirement and on the solvency of thesocial security system of the di¤erent factors. The model suggests that technologicaland demographic changes had a strong in uence on retirement, so that it would haveincreased signi cantly even if the social security rules had not changed. However, asthe latter became much more generous in the past, changes in social security policycan account not only for a sizeable part of the expansion of retirement, but also for themost of the observed increase in the social security expenses as a share of GDP.

Lorentz-violating nonminimal coupling contributions in mesonic hydrogen atoms and generation of photon higher-order derivative terms

We have studied the contributions of Lorentz-violating CPT-odd and CPT-even nonminimal couplings to the energy spectrum of the mesonic hydrogen and the higher-order radiative corrections to the effective action of the photon sector of a Lorentz-violating version of the scalar electrodynamics. By considering the complex scalar field describes charged mesons (pion or kaon), the non-relativistic limit of the model allows to attain upper-bounds by analyzing its contribution to the mesonic hydrogen energy. By using the experimental data for the $1S$ strong correction shift and the pure QED transitions $4P \rightarrow 3P$, the best upper-bound for the CPT-odd coupling is $<10^{-12}\text{eV}^{-1}$ and for the CPT-even one is $<10^{-16}\text{eV}^{-2}$. Besides, the CPT-odd radiative correction to the photon action is a dimension-5 operator which looks like a higher-order Carroll-Field-Jackiw term. The CPT-even radiative contribution to the photon effective action is a dimension-6 operator which would be a higher-order derivative version of the minimal CPT-even term of the standard model extension

The Effect of Social Security, Demography and Technology on Retirement

This article investigates the causes in the reduction of labor force participation ofthe old. We argue that the changes in social security policy, in technology and indemography may account for most of the changes in retirement over the second partof the last century in the U.S. economy. We develop a dynamic general equilibriummodel with endogenous retirement that embeds social security legislation. The modelis able to match very closely the increase in the retirement rate of males aged 65 andolder. It also quanti es the isolated impact on retirement and on the solvency of thesocial security system of the di¤erent factors. The model suggests that technologicaland demographic changes had a strong in uence on retirement, so that it would haveincreased signi cantly even if the social security rules had not changed. However, asthe latter became much more generous in the past, changes in social security policycan account not only for a sizeable part of the expansion of retirement, but also for themost of the observed increase in the social security expenses as a share of GDP.

The impact of structural capital on the firm Innovativeness, the Galician Northern Portugal automotive industries reality

The intellectual capital is increasingly considered a major issue on the management and organization research and a source of competitive advantage. Although there are different models and approaches that try to identify the effect of intellectual capital on firm performance, there’s, also a lack of evidence and consensus. Based on that evidence, this paper focuses on the influence of the structural capital on the product- process and management innovativeness of the firm. A global model including the variables used in the previous literature is used and we establishes hypotheses for testing this model and use statistic technique to estimate the parameters of the model in a sample. To do so, we use a survey from 68 firms working on the auto components sector, established in the Northern Spain and Northern Portugal. We found firstly, that innovativeness has two main dimensions, perfectly differentiated, the product-process innovation and the management innovation; secondly that the structural capital dimensions influences differently each type of innovation capacity (innovativeness). We also concluded that the structural capital of the automotive firms based on the euro region Galicia (Spain) Northern Portugal influences positive and directly the management innovativeness. These results highlight the importance of the structural capital as well as highlight the main dimensions that influence the innovativeness, and more broadly, the value of intellectual capital as a competitive advantage in contemporary time. Moreover, point out the different character of product-process and management innovativeness.

Anthropologie et sciences cognitives : La notion de "savoir" en anthropologie

"Dans le texte qui suit, je tente d’examiner l’alternative suivante : ou bien il s’avère possible de donner une définition, utilisable de façon féconde en anthropologie, de la notion de “savoir”. Dans ce cas il faut en préciser les caractères, les conditions et les modalités d’utilisation. Ou bien on choisit de considérer qu’il est impossible d’établir de façon satisfaisante la distinction entre ce qui est et ce qui n’est pas “savoir”, ni de la circonscrire sous de bonnes spécifications, et il faudra alors renoncer à l’usage de la notion. Mieux, il faudra en proscrire l’usage, car elle conduit à effectuer des inférences non contrôlées du fait de ses connotations cognitives fortes, et ainsi égare également celui qui écrit, et son lecteur. Dans ce travail, je prends position pour la première solution, sans choisir au départ entre deux perspectives distinctes, celle qui considère que la notion de “savoir” circonscrit un domaine de faits spéciaux à l’intérieur de la culture (et donc de la pensée), et celle qui propose de considérer que la notion se réfère à un aspect spécial constitutif de tous les faits culturels ou de tous les faits de pensée. Je tente de justifier ce choix et d’en tirer quelques conséquences en ce qui concerne le cadre conceptuel qu’exige, de mon point de vue, l’usage de la notion. Je rapproche, enfin, les questions posées par l’usage de la notion de “savoir” dans l’étude anthropologique des cultures, de celles que soulève le courant sociologiste en sociologie des sciences, en faisant l’hypothèse qu’un commun sous-bassement théorique holiste et relativiste justifie ce rapprochement." Journal des Anthropologues: * Revue ayant obtenu le label ERIH * Appartient à la collection Les Revues * Revue ayant obtenu le label CNR