Grundlagen zur Beurteilung der Nachhaltigkeit von Energiesystemen in Baden-Wuerttemberg

The relative sustainability of different technological options for future power supply was investigated. It was found that the available tools require further development first, e.g. sensitivity calculations for taking into account estimated or assumed input data, the consideration of further power plant technologies in the systems to be investigated, and further reduction of uncertainties in the quantification of the external cost. (orig.)Insgesamt wird sich die Einordnung der Stromerzeugungstechnologien hinsichtlich der relativen Nachhaltigkeit, wie sie fuer den gegenwaertigen Zeitpunlt gueltig ist, durch die im Zeitablauf erwarteten technologischen Weiterentwicklungen und Aenderungen im zugrunde liegenden Produktionssystem nicht verschieben. Mit dem vorliegenden Ansatz wird eine Orientierung hinsichtlich der qualitativen Einordnung der exemplarisch ausgewaehlten Kraftwerkstechniken gegeben. Die Aussagen beziehen sich auf die relative Nachhaltigkeit der Systeme. Mit der hier demonstrierten Methode laesst sich eine sichere Grundlage fuer 'robuste Entscheidungen' ueber die relative Nachhaltigkeit von Technologieoptionen ableiten. Es sind allerdings Arbeiten zur Weiterentwicklung des Instrumentariums notwendig, die ueber den in diesem Bericht beschriebenen Untersuchungsrahmen hinausgehen. So sind Sensitivitaetsrechnungen zur Beruecksichtigung von Annahmen oder Schaetzungen bestimmter Eingabedaten, die Aufnahme weiterer Kraftwerkstechnologien bei den zu untersuchenden Systemen und weitere Arbeiten zur Verminderung der beschriebenen Unsicherheiten bei der Quantifizierung der externen Kosten zu empfehlen. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F03B721 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekMinisterium fuer Umwelt des Landes Baden-Wuerttemberg, Stuttgart (Germany)DEGerman

Social inequalities and the rise in violent deaths in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil: 2000-2006 Desigualdades sociais e crescimento das mortes violentas em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil: 2000-2006

An ecological study was carried out using information zones as units of analysis in order to assess the evolution of socio-spatial inequalities in mortality due to external causes and homicides in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, in 2000 and 2006. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE) and the City Health Department (Secretaria Municipal de Saúde) provided the data sources, and causes of death were reviewed and reclassified based on reports from the Institute of Legal Medicine (Instituto Médico Legal). The information zones were classified into four social strata according to income and schooling. The ratio between mortality rates (inequality ratio) was calculated and confirmed a rise of 98.5% in the homicide rate. In 2000, the risk of death due to external causes and murders in the stratum with the worst living conditions was respectively 1.40 and 1.94 times greater than in the reference stratum. In 2006 these figures were 2.02 and 2.24. The authors discuss the implications for inter-sectoral public policies, based on evidence from the study's findings.<br>Com o objetivo de analisar a evolução das desigualdades socioespaciais na mortalidade por causas externas e homicídios em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, entre 2000-2006, foi realizado um estudo ecológico, tendo as zonas de informação e estratos sociais como unidades de análise. O Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde foram fontes de dados. As causas básicas de óbito foram revisadas e reclassificadas com base em relatórios do IML. As zonas de informação foram classificadas em quatro estratos sociais a partir da renda e da escolaridade. Calculou-se a razão entre as taxas de mortalidade (razão de desigualdade). Verificou-se aumento de 98,5% na taxa de homicídios no período. Em 2000, o risco de morte por causas externas e homicídios no estrato de piores condições de vida foi, respectivamente, 1,40 e 1,94 vezes maior que no estrato de referência. Em 2006, esses valores foram de 2,02 e 2,24. Os autores discutem as implicações para as políticas públicas intersetoriais evidenciadas pelos achados do presente estudo