Use of the mini-mental state examination in research on the elderly in Brazil: a systematic review

The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the most widely used cognitive screening test around the world. In Brazil, different MMSE versions and many cut-off points have been used. A systematic review of papers indexed in Scielo was conducted in order to analyze use of the MMSE in Brazilian empirical studies with elderly people. To search for these texts, the complete name of the instrument and its abbreviation were used. A growth trend in the scientific production during the 1998 to 2013 period was observed. Eleven versions of the MMSE were identified and the Bertolucci et al. version was the most cited. Over half of the studies used schooling as the criteria to establish cut-off points. The studies were predominantly conducted using samples recruited from large cities in the Southeastern region and in the community. Despite the growing trend of research with the elderly using the MMSE, the psychometric properties of this scale of measurement have been the subject of little investigation. Despite the widespread use of the MMSE in Brazil, there is a lack of standardization and evidence of validity for this this scale of measurement.O Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) é o teste de rastreio cognitivo mais utilizado no mundo. No Brasil, diferentes versões e pontos de corte do MEEM têm sido usados. Para analisar seu uso em estudos empíricos brasileiros com idosos, efetuou-se uma revisão sistemática de artigos indexados na SciELO. Foram utilizados o nome completo do instrumento e sua abreviação para recuperar os textos. Observou-se uma tendência de crescimento da produção científica analisada, no período de 1998 a 2013. Foram mencionadas 11 versões do MEEM, destacando-se a de Bertolucci et al. Mais da metade das investigações fizeram uso da escolaridade como critério para estabelecer pontos de corte. Os estudos têm sido realizados predominantemente com amostras recrutadas em grandes cidades da região Sudeste e na comunidade. Não obstante a tendência de crescimento de pesquisas com idosos que utilizam o MEEM, as propriedades psicométricas dessa medida têm sido pouco investigadas. Apesar da ampla utilização do MEEM no Brasil, faltam padronização e evidências de validade para essa medida

Substitution of corn grain by wheat middlings or corn gluten feed in the finishing bulls diet

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a substituição do milho moído fino (MM) por farelo de trigo (FT) ou farelo de glúten de milho (FGM) na ração de 36 bovinos não castrados, em terminação (14 meses; peso inicial de 382 kg) durante 87 dias. A ração continha 24% de silagem de capim e 76% de concentrado, constituído por polpa cítrica, farelo de soja, uréia, minerais, bicarbonato de sódio e monensina sódica, além de uma das fontes energéticas testadas. A substituição de MM por FT aumentou a ingestão de FDN (p<0,05), mas não afetou os demais parâmetros avaliados. A substituição de MM por FGM reduziu o consumo de matéria seca (p<0,05) e o ganho de peso (p<0,10), aumentou a ingestão de FDN (p<0,05), mas não afetou a eficiência alimentar. Não houve diferenças para os valores observados de energia líquida de manutenção e de ganho para estas rações. A relação energia líquida observada/esperada do tratamento MM foi diferente das demais. Neste tipo de ração, MM pode ser substituído integralmente por FT ou FGM, sem que haja queda na eficiência alimentar ou no teor de energia das rações. O NRC (2001) subestimou os valores de NDT e as estimativas de energia líquida para o FT ou FGM. (PDF) Substituição do milho por farelo de trigo ou farelo de glúten de milho na ração de bovinos de corte em terminação - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i1.251. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250313891_Substituicao_do_milho_por_farelo_de_trigo_ou_farelo_de_gluten_de_milho_na_racao_de_bovinos_de_corte_em_terminacao_-_DOI_104025actascianimsciv29i1251 [accessed Nov 09 2020]

Estimation of metabolizable energy in diets with varying ratios of dried citrus pulp plus corn fed to finishing Canchim bulls

Seventy-two finishing Canchim bulls averaging 318 kg of initial body weight and 18 months of age were assigned to a completely randomized block design to evaluate the effects of replacing ground corn (GC) with dried citrus pulp (CP) on average daily weight gain, dry matter intake, feed efficiency, carcass yield, and Longissimus dorsi fat thickness. Diets contained forage (sugarcane silage) to concentrate ratio of 30:70 and the following levels of CP and GC: 100% GC (CP0), 50% GC + 50% CP (CP50), 25% GC + 75% CP (CP75), or 100% CP (CP100). The experiment lasted 130 days with 14 days for diet adaptation and 116 days for data and sample collection. Feed efficiency and net energy for maintenance and gain were all greatest on CP50 than on CP0 diet. Daily weight gain and DM intake were lower on CP100 and CP75 compared to CP50. No significant differences were observed for fat thickness and carcass yield across treatments. Based on the actual data, both the NRC (1996) and NRC (2001) models underestimated the energy value of CP compared to GC. © 2007 Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia

Supplementation of growing bulls grazing Panicum maximum cv. Coloniao increases average daily gain and does not impact subsequent performance in feedlot phase

ABSTRACT To evaluate the influence of supplementation strategies on the average daily gain (ADG) of cattle in a rotational grazing system of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. Coloniao) pastures during the rainy season. It was further evaluated the residual effects in the feedlot finishing phase. Seventy-five 8 month-old crossbred bull calves averaging 200.1 ± 2.5 kg of body weight (BW) were stratified and grouped in three into 25 blocks according to BW, and then randomly assigned to one of three supplementation treatments: control (no supplement), energy supplement [65 g crude protein (CP)/kg dry matter (DM)] or protein supplement (200 g CP/kg DM) both fed as 6 g/kg BW. All animals composed a single herd and were separated daily according to treatment groups for supplementation. After the grazing phase, all animals were moved to a feedlot and received the same diet up until slaughter. Guinea grass was subjected to rotational stocking with pre- and post-grazing heights of 76 and 43 cm, respectively. Energy and protein supplements provided similar ADG (P > 0.05; 0.94 kg/day) which was greater than for non-supplemented animals during the grazing phase (P ≤ 0.05; 0.74 kg/day), but there was no difference in the subsequent feedlot phase (P > 0.05; 1.45 kg/day). The protein supplement had no incremental effects over the energy supplement on ADG and carcass traits of growing crossbreed bulls during the grazing phase, indicating that either source could be used, and that an energy supplement would lead to more efficient nutrient use coming from the grass

Citrus pulp-based supplement reduces the detrimental effects of high grazing pressure on the performance of beef cattle under a rotational system of Urochloa brizantha

The objectives were to evaluate the performance of bull calves under two grazing strategies and the use of energy supplementation in a rotational system of marandu palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha) and to assess the morphological and chemical composition of the grass. Eighty eightmonth-old bulls of 224 ± 2.4 kg body weight (BW) were used in a completely randomized block design in a 2x2 factorial arrangement of two post-grazing heights (i.e.10 cm or 15 cm)and of a citrus pulp-based supplement (i.e.72% total digestible nutrients) fed daily at 0 or 6 g/kg BW. Initial grazing height was set at 25 cm with variable grazing intervals and stocking rate adjustments used to control the grazing heights. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS Mixed procedure. Significance was set at 0.05. Forage data from 12 pre-determined paddocks showed no differences in forage mass (FM)and morphological composition at pre-grazing, but greater post-grazing FM and shorter grazing interval in pastures managed at 15 cm. Higher grazing pressure resulted in lowest BW gains for non-supplemented bulls in the 10 cm treatment. The use of an energy supplement and 15 cm postgrazing height resulted in the greatest BW gains; however, combination of10 cm post-grazing height and energy supplementation allowed greater stocking rates. Under high grazing pressure, supplementary feed overcame the normal limitations, and high gains were achieved. © 2019 Universidade Federal da Bahia