ESTUDO QUÍMICO E AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE DOS EXTRATOS DE Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers. (Fabaceae)

Tephrosia cinerea  (L.) Pers. (Fabaceae), conhecida popularmente como anil bravo, é amplamente utilizada na prática popular em infecções, infamações, úlceras, afecções nervosas e diarréias. Com o objetivo de avaliar os constituintes químicos e atividade antioxidante de Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers., folhas da espécie foram coletadas no Horto Medicinal “Berta Langes de Morretes” da Universidade Federal do Maranhão; em seguida, foram secas, moídas e submetidas à extração com etanol a 70% por percolação, empregando as relações de hidromódulo (droga/solvente) 1:8 e 1:12; seguido da determinação de rendimento, análise qualitativa e semiquantitativa de constituintes químicos, quantifcação de compostos fenólicos e avaliação in vitro da atividade antioxidante. A avaliação química indicou presença de ácidos orgânicos, compostos fenólicos, cumarinas, taninos condensados, triterpenos, favonas, favonóis e xantonas nos extratos hidroalcoólicos de folhas de Tephrosia cinerea. Na análise quantitativa de polifenóis e favonoides, os extratos obtidos por percolação na relação de hidromódulo de 1:12 apresentaram resultados mais expressivos que os obtidos em hidromódulo de 1:8. Os resultados da avaliação da atividade antioxidante indicam que o extrato hidroalcóolico das folhas de Tephrosia cinerea obtido por percolação na relação de hidromódulo de 1:8 na concentração de 15 µg/mL foi mais representativo (52,27%); observando, ainda, que as amostras nas relações de hidromódulo empregadas nesse estudo, apresentaram uma inibição de radicais livres concentração-dependente, com diferença signifcativa (p≤0,05) quando comparados aos extratos nas relações hidromódulo 1:8 e 1:12 nas concentrações 5, 10 e 15 µg/mL.Descritores: Tephrosia cinérea; Análise Fitoquímica; Atividade Antiradical.Abstract:    Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers. (Fabaceae), knowed as anil brave, is widely used in popular practice in infections, infammations, ulcers, nervous disorders and diarrhea. With the goal to evaluate the chemical constituents and the antioxidant activity of Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers., leaves of the species were collected in the Medicinal Garden “Berta Langes de Morretes” of Federal University of Maranhão; after this, it was dried, then were dried and subjected to extraction with 70% ethanol by percolation, using the relations of hydromodule (drug/solvent) 1:8 e 1:12; followed by the determination of income, qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of chemical constituents, quantifcation of phenolic compounds and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity. The chemical evaluation indicated the presence of organic acids, phenolic compounds, coumarins, tannins, triterpenes, favones, favonols and xanthones in hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves of Tephrosia cinerea. In the quantitative analysis of favonoids and polyphenols, the extracts obtained by percolation in the ratio of 1:12 hydromodule showed more signifcant results than those obtained in a 1:8 hydromodule. The results of the antioxidant activity evaluation indicate that the hydroalcoholic extract of Tephrosia cinerea leaves obtained by percolation in hydromodule ratio of 1:8 at a concentration of 15 µg/mL was the most representative (52.27%), noting also that samples in the relations of hydromodule employed in this study showed an inhibition of free radical concentration-dependent, with signifcant difference (p ≤ 0.05) when  the extracts in  relations hydromodule 1:8 and 1:12 are compared on concentrations 5, 10 and 15 µg/mL.Descriptors: Tephrosia cinerea; Phytochemical Analysis; Antiradical Activity

Lectin, hemolysin and protease inhibitors in seed fractions with ovicidal activity against Haemonchus contortus

Bioactive molecules of plant species are promising alternatives for the chemical control of gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants. Extracts of native and exotic seed species from Brazil's semi-arid region were tested in vitro in an egg hatch assay and the bioactivity of their proteins was investigated. Each seed species was subjected to three extractions with three types of solvents. All the seeds showed ovicidal activity, which varied according to the solvents. Higher ovicidal activity was found in the molecule fractions of low molecular weight (0.05, Bonferroni test). Hemagglutinating activity was detected in the fractions of C. spectabilis and M. oleifera fractions, hemolysin activity in the A. lebbeck and M. oleifera fractions, serine protease inhibitory activity in the A. lebbeck, I. asarifolia, J. curcas, M. oleifera and R. communis fractions, cysteine protease inhibitor activity in the M. oleifera fraction, and no protein activity in the L. ferrea fraction. The results of this work reveal new plant species with a potential for use in controlling nematode parasites in goats, thus opening a new field of research involving plant protein molecules with ovicidal properties