Proportion among the segments of the normal tricuspid valve annulus: parameter for valve annuloplasty

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the proportions among the segments of the human tricuspid valve annulus. METHODS: A descriptive autopsy study was made of 30 human hearts without fixation, within six hours of death, without congenital or acquired lesions and without tricuspid regurgitation. Tricuspid valve insufficiency was excluded by the infusion of pressurized water in the right ventricle with the pulmonary valve closed. Digital images of the tricuspid ring in its anatomical position and after flattening were analyzed by specific software. The mean measurements and ratios were compared in the two different situations. RESULTS: The mean measurements of the perimeter, septal and antero-posterior segments of the tricuspid ring in the anatomical position were: 105mm (&plusmn;12.7), 30.6mm (&plusmn;3.7) and 74mm (&plusmn;9.4), respectively. When flattened, the mean measurement of the perimeter was 117.5mm (&plusmn;13.3) and sizes of the septal, anterior and posterior segments were 32mm (&plusmn;3.7), 46.3mm (&plusmn;8.3) and 39.1mm (&plusmn;8.5), respectively. The mean ratio between the antero-posterior and septal segments was 2.43 (&plusmn;0.212) in the anatomical position and when flattened it was 2.67 (&plusmn;0.304). Statistical differences were observed in the measurements of perimeter (p<0.0001), septal segment (p=0.003) and antero-posterior segment (p<0.0001) in both situations. Statistical differences also occurred in the ratios between the antero-posterior and septal segments (p=0.0005). CONCLUSION: The proportion between the septal and antero-posterior segments of the normal human tricuspid valve is 1:2.43. Flattening the tricuspid ring to measure the segments, changes the values and the ratios between them.OBJETIVO: Determinar a proporção existente entre os segmentos do anel da valva tricúspide normal em humanos. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 30 corações de cadáveres humanos não formolizados, com menos de 6h de período post-mortem, sem lesões congênitas ou adquiridas e com valvas tricúspides continentes. A continência valvar foi confirmada por injeção de água sob pressão no interior do ventrículo direito estando a valva pulmonar fechada. Fotos digitais da valva tricúspide com o anel valvar íntegro, e após secção e retificação, foram avaliadas por programa de computador. Compararam-se as medidas médias e as razões entre elas nas condições de anel íntegro e retificado. RESULTADOS: Com o anel valvar íntegro, os valores médios do perímetro, segmento septal e ântero-posterior foram 105mm (&plusmn;12,7), 30,6mm (&plusmn;3,7) e 74mm (&plusmn;9,4), respectivamente. Com o anel valvar retificado, os valores médios foram 117,5mm (&plusmn;13,3), 32mm (&plusmn;3,7), 46,3mm (&plusmn;8,3) e 39,1mm (&plusmn;8,5), respectivamente para perímetro, segmento septal, anterior e posterior. As razões médias entre o segmento ântero-posterior e o septal foram 2,43 (&plusmn;0,212) e 2,67 (&plusmn;0,304), respectivamente, em anéis íntegros e retificados. Houve diferenças significantes nas medidas do perímetro (p<0,0001), do segmento septal (p=0,003) e do segmento ântero-posterior (p<0,0001) entre anéis íntegros e retificados. As razões entre segmento ântero-posterior e septal também apresentaram diferença significante (p=0,0005). CONCLUSÃO: A proporção entre o segmento septal e o segmento ântero-posterior, do anel da valva tricúspide normal em humanos, é igual a 1: 2,43. A secção e retificação do anel tricuspídeo altera as medidas de seus segmentos e suas relações.26227

Paclobutrazol e restrição hídrica no crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas de café

Paclobutrazol can mitigate the negative effects of water stress in many plant species, however, for coffee plants is necessary to expand the knowledge base on the subject. In this research it was aimed to evaluate the morphophysiology of young plants of Coffea Arabica cv. ‘Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144’ in response to different water regimes and paclobutrazol concentrations applied in the soil. The trial was carried out in a greenhouse at Vitória da Conquista, BA. The experimental design was a randomized block with factorial arrangement represented by five concentrations of paclobutrazol (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1) applied in the soil and two water regimes (with and without water restriction) in five replicates.At 120 days after the application of plant growth regulator was evaluated the water status, the SPAD index and the morphological characteristics of plants. The application of paclobutrazol reduced the SPAD index and individual leaf area, and favored the water status of coffee plants under water restriction. The young coffee plants without water restriction and treated with the plant growth regulator, had higher leaf retention and SPAD index, and lowest individual leaf area. Paclobutrazol at high concentrations resulted in plants more compact. The water restriction provided less total leaf area, number of branches and dry weight of the coffee.O paclobutrazol pode atenuar os efeitos negativos do estresse hídrico em diversas espécies vegetais, todavia, para cafeeiros é necessário ampliar a base de conhecimentos sobre este tema. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a morfofisiologia de plantas jovens de Coffea arabica var. ‘Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144’ em resposta a diferentes regimes hídricos e concentrações de paclobutrazol aplicado via solo. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em Vitória da Conquista, BA. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com esquema fatorial representado por cinco concentrações de paclobutrazol (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1) aplicado via solo e dois regimes hídricos (com e sem restrição hídrica), em cinco repetições. Aos 120 dias após a aplicação do regulador vegetal avaliou-se o status hídrico, o índice SPAD e as características morfológicas das plantas. A aplicação de paclobutrazol reduziu o índice SPAD e a área foliar individual, e favoreceu o status hídrico dos cafeeiros sob restrição hídrica. As plantas jovens de café, sem restrição hídrica e tratadas com o regulador vegetal, tiveram maior retenção foliar e índice SPAD, e menor área foliar individual. A aplicação de paclobutrazol em concentrações elevadas resultou em plantas mais compactas. A restrição hídrica proporcionou menor área foliar total, número de ramos e massa seca dos cafeeiros

Metodologia de análise de projetos

Texto elaborado originalmente em 1986.O texto, que constituiu documento de caráter institucional, editado originalmente sem a menção de autoria, foi produzido por um grupo de trabalho instituído com a finalidade de aperfeiçoar a metodologia de análise de projetos do Sistema BNDES

Characterizing and Predicting the Quality of Milled Rice Grains Using Machine Learning Models

Physical classification is the procedure adopted by the rice unloading, delivery, storage, and processing units for the commercial characterization of the quality of the grains. This step occurs mostly by the conventional method, which demands more time and specialized labor, and the results are subjective since the evaluation is visual. In order to make the operation faster, more accurate, and less dependent, non-destructive technologies and computational intelligence can be applied to characterize grain quality. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize and predict the quality of whole, processed rice grains, as well as classify any defects present. This was achieved by sampling from the upper and lower points of four silo dryers with capacities of up to 40,000 sacks. The grain samples had moisture contents of 16%, 17%, 18%, and 19% and were subjected to drying-aeration until reaching 12% moisture content (w.b.). Near-infrared spectroscopy technology and Machine Learning algorithm models (Artificial Neural Networks, decision tree algorithms Quinlan’s algorithm, Random Tree, REPTree, and Random Forest) were employed for this purpose. By analyzing Pearson’s correlation statistics, a strong negative correlation (R2 = 0.98) was found between moisture content and the yield of whole grains. Conversely, a strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.97) was observed between moisture content and classified physical defects across the various characterized physicochemical constituents. These findings indicate the effectiveness of near-infrared spectroscopy technology. The Random Tree model (RandT) successfully predicted the grain quality outcomes and is therefore recommended as the model of choice, obtained Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r = 0.96), mean absolute error (MAE = 0.017), and coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.92). The results obtained here reveal that the combination of near-infrared spectroscopy technology and Machine Learning algorithm models is an excellent non-destructive alternative to manual physical classification for characterizing the physicochemical quality of whole and defective rice grains