Forest plots from selected multivariable studies indicating the risk of reaching the indicated prognostic endpoints in non-muscle invasive (NMIBC; two upper panels), and muscle invasive (MIBC; two lower panels) UCBs in the presence of urothelial COX2 expression.

<p>Forest plots from selected multivariable studies indicating the risk of reaching the indicated prognostic endpoints in non-muscle invasive (NMIBC; two upper panels), and muscle invasive (MIBC; two lower panels) UCBs in the presence of urothelial COX2 expression.</p

Distribution of characteristics of patients with MIBCs by COX2 expression.

*<p>COX2 expression score dichotomised at the threshold of positivity (0,340 au).</p>†<p>Fisher’s exact test comparing distribution of patients with negative or positive COX-2 expression; missing, Nx and Mx values excluded from analysis where applicable.</p>‡<p>Chem.: Systemic chemotherapy; RT: Radiation therapy.</p

Distribution of characteristics of patients with NMIBCs by COX2 expression.

*<p>COX2 expression score dichotomised at the threshold of positivitiy (0,340 au).</p>†<p>Fisher’s exact test comparing distribution of COX-2 negative versus positive patients; missing values excluded from analysis where applicable.</p>‡<p>TUR: transurethral resection; BCG: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation; Chem.: chemotherapy via endovesical instillation.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curves corresponding to failures in superficial (A, B) and invasive (C, D) tumors for specified prognostic endpoints.

<p>Dashed curves: patients with tumors positive for COX2 protein staining; solid curves: patients with tumors negative for COX2 protein staining. Significance values from two-sided logrank test.</p

Forest plots from selected univariable studies indicating the risk of reaching the indicated prognostic endpoints in non-muscle invasive (NMIBC; two upper panels), and muscle invasive (MIBC; two lower panels) UCBs in the presence of urothelial COX2 expression.

<p>Forest plots from selected univariable studies indicating the risk of reaching the indicated prognostic endpoints in non-muscle invasive (NMIBC; two upper panels), and muscle invasive (MIBC; two lower panels) UCBs in the presence of urothelial COX2 expression.</p

Analysis of COX2 expression in NMIBCs and MIBCs; univariable and multivariable analyses.

*<p>Expression cut-points used for categorical variables: "Neg. vs. Pos." - NMIBC/MIBC: 0.340; "Median" - NMIBC: 0.121, MIBC: 0.760; "Extreme tertiles" - NMIBC: (<0.0239, >0.586), MIBC: (<0.270, >2.149).</p>†<p>Multivariate models adjusted for established bladder cancer prognostic factors as follows: NMIBC Recurrence adjusted by region, gender, tumour stage and grade, # tumours, size of tumours, and treatment; NMIBC Progression adjusted by region, # recurrences, age, tumour stage and grade, # tumours, and treatment; MIBC Progression adjusted by region, tumour stage, treatment, and presence of nodes; MIBC Survival adjusted by region, tumour stage, treatment, presence of nodes, and metastases.</p>‡<p>Cox proportional hazards analysis.</p>§<p>One patient excluded due to incomplete follow-up record.</p