La administración electrónica como herramienta de inclusión digital

¿Puede ser la administración electrónica una herramienta de inclusión digital? ¿Qué puede aportar la administración electrónica para avanzar en la inclusión digital? ¿Qué podemos hacer, cada uno desde nuestra actividad, para favorecer la inclusión digital? Estas son algunas de las preguntas que se formulaban los participantes en las III Jornadas sobre Derecho y Tecnología así como al XI Encuentro de Gobierno Electrónico e Inclusión Digital, celebrados en Zaragoza los días 23 y 24 de mayo de 2011. Cada uno, desde su perspectiva, trató de aportar ideas en esa línea que marcamos en la convocatoria del evento: «La administración electrónica como herramienta de inclusión digital». Estas aportaciones están recogidas en este libro, agrupadas en tres bloques diferentes. En el primero, bajo el título Políticas de inclusión digital desde la perspectiva de la administración electrónica, tienen cabida aquellas reflexiones sobre qué hacer para favorecer la inclusión digital desde la administración electrónica, con enfoques concretos en Brasil o Iberoamérica, o de tipo general, aplicable en cualquier país. En el segundo, el título Casos reales de inclusión digital desde la perspectiva de la administración electrónica reúne experiencias concretas llevadas a cabo en España y Brasil. Por último, y no menos importante, el título Inclusión digital desde las aulas universitarias recoge propuestas para fomentar la inclusión digital desde las aulas universitarias

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially