The 2014 European electoral manifestos a preliminary analysis of the main competition dimensions

The European project has enjoyed considerable support from both elite and masses in Portugal. Since the country joined the EEC in 1986, the main political parties have been strong supporters of the Europe project. In recent years, however, this has been undermined by both political and economic crises. In this paper, we produce a preliminary analysis of the competition dimensions in the forthcoming 2014 European elections. We make an empirical analysis of the position held by the five most important Portuguese political parties in relation to European integration, the Euro, debt renegotiation, Eurobonds, and changes in pensions in a context that fosters contestation of European integration and its outputs.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Critical behaviour of the compactified λϕ4\lambda \phi^4 theory

We investigate the critical behaviour of the $N$-component Euclidean $\lambda \phi^4$ model at leading order in $\frac{1}{N}$-expansion. We consider it in three situations: confined between two parallel planes a distance $L$ apart from one another, confined to an infinitely long cylinder having a square cross-section of area $A$ and to a cubic box of volume $V$. Taking the mass term in the form $m_{0}^2=\alpha(T - T_{0})$, we retrieve Ginzburg-Landau models which are supposed to describe samples of a material undergoing a phase transition, respectively in the form of a film, a wire and of a grain, whose bulk transition temperature ($T_{0}$) is known. We obtain equations for the critical temperature as functions of $L$ (film), $A$ (wire), $V$ (grain) and of $T_{0}$, and determine the limiting sizes sustaining the transition.Comment: 12 pages, no figure