Spatial analysis of leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in the canine population in an area of socioeconomic and environmental vulnerability

ABSTRACT Leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis are zoonoses of occupational character that are spread worldwide, mainly in tropical and socioeconomically vulnerable areas. Both diseases have vertebrate hosts, which spread the infectious agent to the environment and are potentially infectious to humans and can progress to fatal cases. The present study reinforces the importance of One Health for the control and prophylaxis of leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis using sentinel animals in areas of socioeconomic vulnerability based on a serological study. A total of 336 blood samples were obtained from the canine population of the urban district, which has high rates of poverty and sanitation. The results were analyzed based on seroreactivity animals and georeferencing by kernel spatial mapping. A total of 43.3% (52/120) of the animals were seroreagents for anti-Leptospira spp., with a predominance of Canicola (35/52 = 67.3%) and Pyrogenes (5/52 = 9.6%), while 52.97% (178/336) of the dogs were seroreactive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii. The presence of seroreagent dogs for both zoonosis alert to the inadequate hygienic-sanitary conditions of the studied region, and highlight the importance of a survey of the social, economic and environmental structure to identify factors related to the links in the epidemiological chain of pathogen transmission and necessary corrective actions

Progresso genético do algodoeiro herbáceo no Nordeste.

Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T13:41:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pabmar07.pdf: 487215 bytes, checksum: 457c17eab6705c966706fc52a79063ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998-03-15199

Adubação do algodão colorido BRS 200 em sistema orgânico no Seridó Paraibano Fertilization of colored cotton BRS 200 under organic system in Serido, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil

É grande a potencialidade do algodão colorido para ser cultivado organicamente na região semi-árida, onde as condições edafoclimáticas possibilitam o cultivo sem defensivos agrícolas. Os adubos orgânicos têm sido utilizados para melhorar as propriedades físico-químicas do solo, o estabelecimento de microrganismos benéficos e o aumento da matéria orgânica, além de ser fonte de nutrientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar níveis e forma de aplicação do esterco bovino em algodoeiro colorido BRS 200-marrom, cultivado sob manejo orgânico nas condições edafoclimáticas do Seridó Paraibano. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso, com nove tratamentos e quatro repetições, nos anos 2000, 2001 e 2002. Os tratamentos se originaram de um fatorial (4 x 2+1), cujos fatores foram quatro níveis de esterco bovino curtido (10, 20, 30 e 40 t ha-1) em dois locais de aplicação (abaixo e ao lado das sementes), adicionado de uma testemunha absoluta sem adubação orgânica. A presença do esterco bovino incrementou a produtividade do algodão. Quando ocorreu regularidade climática, a aplicação ao lado das sementes foi mais eficiente, alcançando-se o máximo rendimento com 30 t ha-1. A uniformidade do comprimento da fibra decresceu e o índice de fibras curtas aumentou com o incremento dos níveis de adubo.<br>The naturally colored cotton has potentiality for growth in Northeast Semi-arid, where the edaphoclimatic conditions permit the cultivation without agrochemicals. Organic fertilizers have been used to improve physico-chemical properties of the soil, establishment of beneficial microorganisms, increase of the organic matter and nutrients. The objective of this work was to determine levels and forms of application of cattle manure in colored cotton BRS 200, cultivated under organic management in Seridó, in the State of Paraiba. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks, with nine treatments and four replications, during 2000, 2001 and 2002. The treatments were originated from a factorial 4x2+1, consisting of four levels of decomposed cattle manure (10, 20, 30 and 40 t ha-1) and two sites of application (below and by the side of seeds), plus an absolute control without organic manure. Organic fertilization increased the cotton yield. Under regular climatic conditions, the sidewise application was more efficient, reaching the maximum yield with 30 t ha-1. The uniformity of fiber length decreased and the index of short fibers increased with the increment of the levels of organic manure

Follicle-stimulating hormone to substitute equine chorionic gonadotropin in the synchronization of ovulation in Santa Inês ewes

The substitution of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in protocols for synchronization of ovulation in Santa Inês ewes was assessed. Ten females were submitted to the insertion of intravaginal sponges containing 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate for 10 days; after this period sponges were withdrawn and the animals were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 5): intramuscular injection of 0.5 mL d-cloprostenol and 300 UI eCG; Group 2 (n = 5): intramuscular injection of 0.5 mL d-cloprostenol and 20 mg FSH. Interval between sponge withdrawal and estrus beginning was 27.7 h and 35.9 h for eCG and FSH, respectively. Interval between sponge withdrawal and the end of estrus was 55.8 h for eCG treatment and 55.6 h for FSH treatment. Estrus length was 29.3 h and 19.6 h, for eCG and FSH treatments, respectively. The biggest follicle and the second in size measured 0.74 cm and 0.54 cm for eCG treatment, whereas for the FSH treatment they measured 0.73 and 0.50 cm. The interval between the beginning of estrus and ovulation was similar within all groups: 21.0 h for eCG treated ewes and 25.2 h for the ones treated with FSH. Ewes treated with eCG presented an interval of 47.5 h between sponge withdrawal and ovulation, while the ones treated with FSH presented a 61.1 h interval. Ovulation occurred 8.3 h before the end of estrus in the eCG group. On the other hand, ewes treated with FSH ovulated 5.5 h after the end of estrus. Estrus and ovulation were efficiently synchronized in Santa Inês ewes by using long-term progestogen protocol associated to the administration of 20 mg FSH, along with Prostaglandin F2&#945; (PGF2&#945;) at the moment of sponge withdrawal, thus substituting the use of eCG