A survey of sequences of KT-HAK-KUP transporters in green algae and basal land plants

In this data article, information is provided on sequences of KT-HAK-KUP transporters from green algae and basal land plants. A data set is offered containing sequences corresponding to the chlorophyte algae Chlamydomonas eustigma, Gonium pectorale and Coccomyxa subellipsoidea, the charophyte algae Coleochaete orbicularis and Klebsormidium flaccidum, the bryophyte Sphagnum fallax, the marchantophyte Marchantia polymorpha and the gymnosperm Pinus taeda, which have been not formerly analyzed. In addition, an analysis of similarity scores among representatives of the clusters recognized in photosynthetic green organisms (namely, chlorophyte algae, charophyte algae, basal embryophytes and higher embryophytes) is performed as well as an analysis of membrane topology for them.Fil: Santa Maria, Guillermo Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Oliferuk, Sonia. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Moriconi, Jorge Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentin

Internal efficiency of nutrient utilization: what is it and how to measure it during vegetative plant growth?

Efficient use of the resources required by plants to sustain crop production is considered an important objective in agriculture. In this context, the idea of developing crops with an enhanced ability to utilize mineral nutrients already taken up by roots has been proposed. In recent years powerful tools that allow the association of phenotypic variation with high-resolution genetic maps of crop plants have also emerged. To take advantage of these tools, accurate methods are needed to estimate the internal efficiency of nutrient utilization (ENU) at the whole-plant level, which requires using suitable conceptual and experimental approaches. Here we highlight some inconsistencies in the definitions of ENU commonly used for ENU ‘phenotyping’ at the vegetative stage and suggest that it would be convenient to adopt a dynamic definition. The idea that ENU should provide information about the relationship between carbon and mineral nutrient economies mainly during the period under which growth is actually affected by low internal nutrient concentration is here advocated as a guide for the selection of adequate operational ENU formulae for the vegetative stage. The desirability of using experimental approaches that allow removal of the influence of nutrient acquisition efficiency on ENU estimations is highlighted. It is proposed that the use of simulation models could help refine the conclusions obtained through these experimental procedures. Some potential limitations in breeding for high ENU are also considered.Fil: Santa Maria, Guillermo Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Moriconi, Jorge Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Oliferuk, Sonia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentin

Challenging Racism in Catholic Schools Through Intimate School Leadership: Counternarratives of Black Catholic School Leaders

Conversations regarding racial equity are uncomfortable for many Catholic school leaders. This is due to a lack of clarity between Catholic social teaching (CST) and its implementation regarding racial justice among Catholic schools. This necessitates coherent guidance to address systemic racism in Catholic education which responds to the need for greater equity, inclusion, and antiracism in its Catholic schools. The purpose of this study was to work with Black Catholic school leaders to understand how they operationalize antiracism in their leadership practice. To understand this paradigm, this study addressed two research questions: (1) How do Black leaders experience their role as Catholic school principals? (2) What roadblocks do Black principals encounter in their practice? Through a series of journal entries and semi structured interviews data were collected and interpreted through a critical race methodology. This resulted in two main findings. First, the data indicated intimate school leadership and culturally responsive school leadership as an operationalization of CST in Catholic school. Second, that racism was a key deterrent to CST implementation. The research findings suggested that an authentic commitment to Catholic schools serving the Black community requires intimate school leadership among leaders in positions of governance as modeled by the participating Black Catholic school leaders of the study

Superando Barreras: Exploring Barriers Mexican-American Women Overcame as They Pursued a Higher Education

Academic achievement in school is a promise for a better future and provides stability for a family. With a growing Mexican-American population in the United States, the need for more research on academic achievement for this demographic is evident. The purpose of this constructivist grounded theory qualitative research was to explore the perceived barriers 13 Mexican-American women overcame as they pursued a higher education. In addition, the sub-question focused on resources used to overcome perceived barriers. Participants were Mexican-American women who completed their terminal or professional degree between 2010–2015. The research design was exploratory and was conducted via an inductive qualitative research approach by using the constructivist grounded theory research design. The constructivist grounded theory design lends itself to be co-constructed by the experience of participants, as well as the researcher. Constructivist grounded theory allowed me to examine the information and co-construct a theory based on different variables connected to each participant. Themes and words were interpretations of the data and are believed to be true. The primary question and sub-question used in the interviews led to answers that shaped the lives of each participant. Open-ended questions allowed participants to express themselves while providing useful information about the experience as Mexican-American women who pursued, and achieved, a higher education. The constant reoccurrence of adaptation was evident in this study. At different points in their lives, these women adapted to their changing life situations. In order to keep situations moving in a positive direction, these women needed to search for internal strength. All participants encompassed the ability to analyze their situation and identify methods of adapting to change(s). The process of adaptation emphasizes a reflective approach to the circumstance or situation to overcome the affect it has on the individual. Attending and reacting to barriers minimized the long-term affect they had on women in this study. Participants in this study experienced constant transformation. As described by participants, they needed to keep going no matter what. When faced with a challenging situation, fears were faced and the focus remained on the goal. Women in this study reflected on and interpreted the struggles they faced at different times along their journey. In order for transformation to take place, a change (learning) must occur. Participants transformed along their journey. Professional actualization was seen as reaching the end goal of obtaining a professional degree. The pathway to professional actualization was not linear. Not all participants went directly to college after high school. The educational journey took determination and resilience. Through the cultivation of relationships, these women were able to overcome obstacles identified. Those pathways proved to be essential in the success of this group. Professional actualization occurred through the cultivation of relationships. The substantive theory for this study was termed, Cultivating Relationships as a Pathway to Professional Actualization for Mexican-American Women Pursing a Higher Education. Cultivating relationships was something that provided a positive environment for participants. Mentors and Hispanic organizations were the connections that supported a nurturing environment conducive to learning. Each participant mentioned a relationship that provided continued support (i.e., mentor or Hispanic organization). The need to form relationships appeared early in the interview process. Forming relationships with colleagues, faculty, staff, and administration personnel supported students when help was needed most. Barriers identified in this study may be common among other Mexican-American and Hispanic women or women and men of other ethnicities. Resources utilized by these women are key components, potentially, to help more This study added to the current body of knowledge in a positive way by identifying resources proven to be successful for this group. Mexican-American women need more exposure to successful women who have overcome barriers and continued to excel in every aspect of their career. Hispanic women may benefit from identifying with someone who they admire

RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays L. SACCHARATA) TERHADAP BIOCHAR DAN FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA DI LAHAN PESISIR

Lahan marginal saat ini masih belum termanfaatkan dengan baik dan optimal. Salah satu bentuk lahan marinal adalah lahan pesisir pantai yang banyak terdapat di Kota Bengkulu. Pemanfaatan amelioran seperti biochar dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik dan kimia tanah pada lahan pesisir. Pemanfaatan teknologi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) di lahan pesisir sangat berguna dalam penyerapan air dan hara. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) 2 Faktor. Faktor pertama adalah biochar dengan 4 taraf, yaitu 0, 3, 6, dan 9 ton ha-1. Faktor kedua adalah mikoriza dengan 4 taraf berupa 0, 2,5, 5, dan 7.5 g tanaman-1. Parameter pengamatan pertumbuhan yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman pada 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, dan 12 MST, sedangkan parameter hasil meliputi panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, bobot tongkol tanaman-1 dan bobot 100 biji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan setelah dilakukan Analisis Varian (ANOVA) dan diuji lanjut menggunakan uji DMRT bahwa parameter pertumbuhan jagung manis tidak berbeda nyata untuk 2,4, 6, 8, 10, dan 12 MST, sedangkan parameter hasil berbeda nyata terhadap perlakuan biochar dan mikoriza, kecuali parameter bobot tongkol tanaman-1. Kolonisasi akar yang ditemukan pada tanaman jagung manis berupa hifa dan vesikula dengan kategori sedang-tinggi

The location of the Spanish technological centers

The Technological Centers have been created with the aim of being a supplier of different R&D's activities and services for those entreprises with a lack of material and financial resources to develop by themselves an innovation process. In most cases, these enterprises are SME's (Small and Medium Enterprises) placed in the area of influence of each Technological Center. Usually, these Technological Centers are located in strategic areas with specific characteristics like to be closed to the SME's (one of the valued highly characteristics by them), a good access to qualified staff and the existence of a good innovation environment. So, this situation has promoted that many decisions about the creation of the Technological Centers have depended on the distance between these and the SME's-clients. The purpose of this work will be the study about where are stablished the Spanish Technological Centers and it will be analysed if the metropolitan areas have been a key factor in their creation. First, we will analyse the spacial distribution of the possible SME'sclients of the Technological Centers (the Spanish industry). We also study how the Technological Centers are integrated in the national and regional goverment Technological Policy.

Identification of the local productive systems in Spain: a new approach

In the last two decades there have been significant spatial changes influenced by the industrial re-organization processes. And the studies made about these changes have defined new forms of territorial distribution. One of these new forms appears because of territorial diffusion of the economic activity due to a flexible decentralization process and, simultaneously, the endogenous development in a geographical area. This industrial organization model has promoted the development of local geographic areas composed by a high number of small enterprises of the same industrial sector. These areas receive the denomination of local productive systems (LPS). However, these local areas can’t be identified with the administrative areas in which is divided a province or a region. In fact, a LPS can be defined as a certain number of towns, near geographically, with a high concentration of the same industrial activity, but not necessary located in the same municipality. The aim of this work is to identify and locate the LPS in the Spanish territory. So, the first phase will be to identify the industrial sectors which are highly concentrated in certain areas using the municipality which is the basic administrative unit in Spain. For that purpose it will be used indicators of the geographical concentration of the economic activity as the Gini index and the location coefficient. Also, the use of a spatial autocorrelation index will allow us to know if the location of a concrete economic activity in a municipality is influenced by the location of the same activity in other neighbouring municipalities. With this index it will be possible to identify the industrial sectors which are highly concentrated in one territorial area that could be different from the administrative division of the territory, being an agglomeration of municipalities with a high specialization in one industrial sector. In a second phase, the objective will be to establish the geographic areas with a high concentration level in one industrial sector. Next, we will try to delimitate the territorial boundaries in order to identify the LPS using the methodology developed by Frederic Lainé for the French case. In this methodology the characterization of the municipalities is based in four basic requirements for a concrete sector: number of establishments, employment, industrial density and specialization degree. The results, that is, the number of municipalities that fulfil these requirements, will be aggregated in order to search for the municipalities which are specialized in one industrial sector and are geographically nearby from other municipalities with the same industrial specialization. Finally, we will obtain a new spatial unit different from the administrative units traditionally used. These new units will represent a local production systems composed of several nearby municipalities specialized in the same industrial sector. In our opinion, this new spatial unit would represent better the idea of economic unit, more accurate than the administrative-political division. Industrial specialization.

Identification and Analysis of the Industrial Districts in Spain: A Quantitative Approach

The identification and analysis of the industrial districts in Spain using a quantitative approach is the aim of this research. In the first part, the industrial districts are identified applying the methodology developed by the Italian Statistics Institute (ISTAT). This identification is possible due to the availability of information about the local labour markets; these have been estimated with labour mobility data between municipalities and the industrial data used to analyse the location of the Spanish industry comes from the Industrial Register published by the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Commerce. This statistical source classifies the different industrial activities in 23 sectors. In the second part, the characteristics of the, previously identified, industrial districts are quantitatively analysed and the results are compared with those obtained in other similar researches developed in Spain and Italy. Some of the characteristics that will be analysed are the relevance of the industrial districts for the Spanish industry (in a national, sectorial and regional level), the industrialization degree, the sectorial specialization level or the predominance of small and medium enterprises in the whole industry or by sectors. Finally, with the quantitative results, a typology of the industrial districts in Spain will be constructed, that could be used in a further analysis based in qualitative techniques.

Un simposio y tres agones: una lectura del Banquete de Platón

Entre los diálogos de Platón, el Banquete es probablemente el más seductor y el más logrado desde el punto de vista literario, por su estilo, estructura, personajes y técnicas dramáticas y retóricas. Obra de extraordinaria riqueza, tanto por la pintura de los personajes, los temas que aborda y el modo en que los entrelaza, por momentos puede resultar desconcertante para un lector no entrenado. Platón enlaza con su habitual maestría los componentes filosóficos y los dramáticos, con diferencias de tono y de ritmo. Los personajes –todos ellos, salvo Sócrates, oradores no filósofos– están insertos en el contexto más adecuado y cuidadosamente construidos para representar el papel que a cada uno de ellos le corresponde y pronunciar el encomio sobre el amor que a cada uno le cuadra.O Banquete tem sido lido e interpretado desde diferentes perspectivas. Neste trabalho se propõe uma leitura do diálogo desde a perspectiva do agón literário, segundo a qual a ação principal consiste, mais que numa série de cinco contribuições individuais, que assumem o caráter de “encômios epidíticos”, cujo único propósito seria apresentar tipos de indivíduos e de estilos para confrontá-los com Sócrates, em três agónes (Fedro vs. Pausâ- nias, Erixímaco vs. Aristófanes e Agatão vs. Sócrates), separados por dois interlúdios cômicos. Ainda que os personagens não pareçam ter a intenção de cooperar, porém de competir entre si, Platão constrói o diálogo para mostrar que, apesar de seus respectivos autores, os discursos acabam cooperando para apresentar o que em definitivo é o grande agón: o agón entre a filosofia e outras artes ou técnicas.Le banquet a été lu et interprété à partir de différents points de vue. Dans cette étude, je me propose d’offrir une lecture du dialogue du point de vue de l’agôn littéraire, lecture d’après laquelle l’action principale, plutôt que consister en une série de cinq contributions individuelles – cinq «éloges épidictiques» dont le seul but serait de présenter des types d’individus et de styles pour les confronter avec Socrate – est constituée par trois agôns (Phèdre vs. Pausanias, Éryximaque vs. Aristophane, et Agathon vs. Socrate), séparés par deux intermèdes comiques. Bien que les personnages ne semblent pas avoir l’intention de coopérer, mais de se mettre en concurrence, Platon construit le dialogue pour montrer que, en dépit de leurs auteurs, les discours coopèrent juste dans le but de présenter ce qui est finalement le grand agôn: l’agôn entre la philosophie et d’autres arts et techniques.Fil: Santa Cruz, Maria Isabel. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin