Growth kinetics of circular liquid domains on vesicles by diffusion-controlled coalescence

Motivated by recent experiments on multi-component membranes, the growth kinetics of domains on vesicles is theoretically studied. It is known that the steady-state rate of coalescence cannot be obtained by taking the long-time limit of the coalescence rate when the membrane is regarded as an infinite two-dimensional (2D) system. The steady-state rate of coalescence is obtained by explicitly taking into account the spherical vesicle shape. Using the expression of the 2D diffusion coefficient obtained in the limit of small domain size, an analytical expression for the domain growth kinetics is obtained when the circular shape is always maintained. For large domains, the growth kinetics is discussed by investigating the size dependence of the coalescence rate using the expression for the diffusion coefficient of arbitrary domain size.Comment: 16pages, 3 figure

Drag coefficient of a liquid domain in a two-dimensional membrane

Using a hydrodynamic theory that incorporates a momentum decay mechanism, we calculate the drag coefficient of a circular liquid domain of finite viscosity moving in a two-dimensional membrane. We derive an analytical expression for the drag coefficient which covers the whole range of domain sizes. Several limiting expressions are discussed. The obtained drag coefficient decreases as the domain viscosity becomes smaller with respect to the outer membrane viscosity. This is because the flow induced in the domain acts to transport the fluid in the surrounding matrix more efficiently.Comment: 8 pages, 5 Figures. Accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J.

Dynamics of a polymer chain confined in a membrane

We present a Brownian dynamics theory with full hydrodynamics (Stokesian dynamics) for a Gaussian polymer chain embedded in a liquid membrane which is surrounded by bulk solvent and walls. The mobility tensors are derived in Fourier space for the two geometries, namely, a free membrane embedded in a bulk fluid, and a membrane sandwiched by the two walls. Within the preaveraging approximation, a new expression for the diffusion coefficient of the polymer is obtained for the free membrane geometry. We also carry out a Rouse normal mode analysis to obtain the relaxation time and the dynamical structure factor. For large polymer size, both quantities show Zimm-like behavior in the free membrane case, whereas they are Rouse-like for the sandwiched membrane geometry. We use the scaling argument to discuss the effect of excluded volume interactions on the polymer relaxation time.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J.

Compressive force generation by a bundle of living biofilaments

To study the compressional forces exerted by a bundle of living stiff filaments pressing on a surface, akin to the case of an actin bundle in filopodia structures, we have performed particulate Molecular Dynamics simulations of a grafted bundle of parallel living (self-assembling) filaments, in chemical equilibrium with a solution of their constitutive monomers. Equilibrium is established as these filaments, grafted at one end to a wall of the simulation box, grow at their chemically active free end and encounter the opposite confining wall of the simulation box. Further growth of filaments requires bending and thus energy, which automatically limit the populations of longer filaments. The resulting filament sizes distribution and the force exerted by the bundle on the obstacle are analyzed for different grafting densities and different sub- or supercritical conditions, these properties being compared with the predictions of the corresponding ideal confined bundle model. In this analysis, non-ideal effects due to interactions between filaments and confinement effects are singled out. For all state points considered at the same temperature and at the same gap width between the two surfaces, the force per filament exerted on the opposite wall appears to be a function of a rescaled free monomer density $\hat{\rho}_1^{\rm eff}$. This quantity can be estimated directly from the characteristic length of the exponential filament size distribution $P$ observed in the size domain where these grafted filaments are not in direct contact with the wall. We also analyze the dynamics of the filament contour length fluctuations in terms of effective polymerization ($U$) and depolymerization ($W$) rates, where again it is possible to disentangle non-ideal and confinement effects.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figure

Hydrodynamic coupling between two fluid membranes

The coupled in-plane diffusion dynamics between point-particles embedded in stacked fluid membranes are investigated. We calculate the contributions to the coupling longitudinal and transverse diffusion coefficients due to particle motion within the different as well as the same membranes. The stacked geometry leads to a hydrodynamic coupling between the two membranes.Comment: 9 Pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in J. Phys.: Condens. Matte

Autonomous Motility of Active Filaments due to Spontaneous Flow-Symmetry Breaking

We simulate the nonlocal Stokesian hydrodynamics of an elastic filament which is active due a permanent distribution of stresslets along its contour. A bending instability of an initially straight filament spontaneously breaks flow symmetry and leads to autonomous filament motion which, depending on conformational symmetry, can be translational or rotational. At high ratios of activity to elasticity, the linear instability develops into nonlinear fluctuating states with large amplitude deformations. The dynamics of these states can be qualitatively understood as a superposition of translational and rotational motion associated with filament conformational modes of opposite symmetry. Our results can be tested in molecular-motor filament mixtures, synthetic chains of autocatalytic particles, or other linearly connected systems where chemical energy is converted to mechanical energy in a fluid environment.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures; contains supplemental text; movies at http://proofideas.org/rjoy/gallery; published in Physical Review Letter

Diffusion coefficient of an inclusion in a liquid membrane supported by a solvent of arbitrary thickness

The diffusion coefficient of a circular shaped inclusion in a liquid membrane is investigated by taking into account the interaction between membranes and bulk solvents of arbitrary thickness. As illustrative examples, the diffusion coefficients of two types of inclusions - a circular domain composed of fluid with the same viscosity as the host membrane and that of a polymer chain embedded in the membrane are studied.The diffusion coefficients are expressed in terms of the hydrodynamic screening lengths which vary according to the solvent thickness. When the membrane fluid is dragged by the solvent of finite thickness, via stick boundary conditions, multiple hydrodynamic screening lengths together with the weight factors to the diffusion coefficients are obtained from the dispersion relation. The condition for which the diffusion coefficients can be approximated by the expression including only a single hydrodynamic screening length are also shown.Comment: 6 figures; Physical Review E 201

On the pressure exerted by a bundle of independent living filaments

The properties of a bundle of grafted semi-flexible living filaments in ideal solution facing an obstacle wall, under supercritical conditions, are explored. For this purpose, we make use of the discrete wormlike chain model characterised by the monomer size d, a size dependent contour length L c and a persistence length lp. The calculation of the equilibrium filament size distribution and the average equilibrium force require the knowledge of the wall effect on the single filament partition function of any size, which can be computed by Metropolis Monte-Carlo methods. The force exerted by a living filament on a fixed wall turns out to be the weighted average of the dead grafted filament forces computed for sizes hitting the wall, multiplied by the probability of occurrence of the corresponding filament size. As the distance to the wall is varied, the resultant force shows large variations whose amplitude decreases with increasing gap sizes and/or with decreasing persistence length. Also, its average over a gap interval of precise size d gives an average force close to what is expected by the ratchet model for actin growth against a wall. The osmotic pressure exerted by Nf filaments is the average equilibrium force per filament times the grafting surface density. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe