A New Concept of the Value Function

The prospect theory's value function is usually concave for gains, commonly convex for losses, and generally steeper for losses than for gains. The neural system is quite different from the loss and gains sides. Four new studies on neurons related to this issue have examined neuronal responses to losses, gains, and reference points, respectively. The value function with a neuronal cusp could have variations and behavior cusps with catastrophe where a trader closes her position.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Intelligence and global bias in the stock market

Trade is one of the essential features of human intelligence. The securities market is the ultimate expression of it. The fundamental indicators of stocks include information about the effects of noise and bias on stock prices; however, distinguishing between them is generally hard. In this article, I present the fundamentals hypothesis based on rational expectations and detect the global bias components from the actual fundamental indicators using a log-normal distribution model based on the fundamentals hypothesis. The analysis results show that biases generally exhibit the same characteristics, strongly supporting our theory. Notably, the positive price-to-cash flows from the investing activities ratio are proxies for the fundamentals. The answer is simple: "Cash is a fact, and profit is an opinion." Namely, opinions of management and accounting added noise to fundamentals. As a result, we obtain the Kesten process and the Pareto distribution. This result means the market knows this noise and shows a stable global bias in the stock market

Preparation of β-sialon from Silica-gel

To prepare β-sialon (Si_2Al_4O_4N_4) through alumino-thermite reaction, white silica-gel with amorphous structure was reacted with aluminum at 1400℃ to 1800℃ for 0.5 to 4.0h under nitrogen gas flow. The molar ratio of SiO_2 to Al was 12 : 16 and cobalt of 8 mass% against white silica-gel was added as a reaction promoter. Sialon (Si_Al_zO_zN_) with the z-value ranging from 2.5 to 4.0 was formed at 1400℃ and 1600℃. Aluminum compounds such as α-Al_2O_3,AIN and others were formed along with sialon at these temperatures. The reason why many aluminum compounds were formed is considered to be caused by volatilization of silicon as SiO gas. On the other hand, Al_2O_3・AIN spinel and AIN were formed at 1800℃, except sialon

Dual inhibition of TMPRSS2 and Cathepsin B prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in iPS cells

TMPRSS2とカテプシンBを標的とした新型コロナウイルスの感染阻害. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-10-21.A drug cocktail stops SARS-CoV-2 infection of stem cells. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-10-21.It has been reported that many receptors and proteases are required for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2) is the most important of these receptors, little is known about the contribution of other genes. In this study, we examined the roles of neuropilin-1, basigin, transmembrane serine proteases (TMPRSSs), and cathepsins (CTSs) in SARS-CoV-2 infection using the CRISPR interference system and ACE2-expressing human iPS cells. Double-knockdown of TMPRSS2 and CTSB reduced the viral load to 0.036±0.021%. Consistently, the combination of the CTPB inhibitor CA-074 methyl ester and the TMPRSS2 inhibitor Camostat reduced the viral load to 0.0078±0.0057%. This result was confirmed using four SARS-CoV-2 variants (B.1.3, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.1.248). The simultaneous use of these two drugs reduced viral load to less than 0.01% in both female and male iPS cells. These findings suggest that compounds targeting TMPRSS2 and CTSB exhibit highly efficient antiviral effects independent of gender and SARS-CoV-2 variant

Modeling SARS-CoV-2 infection and its individual differences with ACE2-expressing human iPS cells

ACE発現ヒトiPS細胞を用いたSARS-CoV-2感染の個人差再現と原因究明. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-04-19.Stem cells show gender differences in COVID-19 risk. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-04-19.Genetic differences are a primary reason for differences in the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. As induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells maintain the genetic information of the donor, they can be used to model individual differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. We found that human iPS cells expressing the SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (ACE2-iPS cells) can be infected w SARS-CoV-2. In infected ACE2-iPS cells, the expression of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, budding of viral particles, and production of progeny virus, double membrane spherules, and double-membrane vesicles were confirmed. We performed SARS-CoV-2 infection experiments on ACE2-iPS/ embryonic stem (ES) cells from eight individuals. Male iPS/ES cells were more capable of producing the virus compared with female iPS/ES cells. These findings suggest that ACE2-iPS cells can not only reproduce individual differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro but also are a useful resource to clarify the causes of individual differences in COVID-19 due to genetic differences

Phase diagram of depleted Heisenberg model for CaV4O9

We have numerically investigated the 1/5-depleted Heisenberg square lattice representing CaV4O9 using the Quantum Monte Carlo loop algorithm. We have determined the phase diagram of the model as a function of the ratio of the two different couplings: bonds within a plaquette and dimer bonds between plaquettes. By calculating both the spin gap and the staggered magnetization we determine the range of stability of the long range ordered (LRO) phase. At isotropic coupling LRO survives the depletion. But the close vicinity of the isotropic point to the spin gap phase leads us to the conclusion that already a small frustrating next nearest neighbor interaction can drive the system into the quantum disordered phase and thus explain the spin gap behavior of CaV4O9

Genetic analysis of TP53 in childhood myelodysplastic syndrome and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia

信州大学博士（医学）・学位論文・平成23年3月31日授与（甲第886号)・齋藤章治ArticleLEUKEMIA RESEARCH. 35(12):1578-1584 (2011)journal articl

チュートリアル キョウイク ノ カイゼン ニ カンスル ケンキュウ : チュートリアル キョウイク ドウニュウ ノ タメ ノ ガクセイ ワークショップ ノ シコウ ト ソノ セイカ

チュートリアル教育は、少人数グループにチューターが付いて学生の自主的な学習を指導・促進す る学習方法である。徳島大学医学部医学科では2001 年から導入して、3 年生の9 月から4 年生12 月まで の47 週間行なっている。2004 年度で4 年目を迎えるが、学生が教員に学習課題を少なめに出して早く終 了する傾向もみられ始めた。われわれは、こうした傾向を憂い、グループ学習の楽しさを体験させてから チュートリアル学習を開始する方が、好ましい学習態度を形成できるのではないかと考え、3 年生の7 月 に従来の2 時間程度の説明会以外に4 時間かけて「沖縄旅行計画」を作る学生ワークショップを行なった。 この結果、前年度の学生よりも、このチュートリアル学習に対する好感度・有用感などが高くなり、グル ープ学習時間も増加して、この導入プログラムの有効性を示唆した。New curriculum of the school of medicine, the University of Tokushima included 47-week PBL-tutorial hybrid program started in 2001.To improve their learning skill and attitude, and to introduce a new learning style of PBL-tutorial to students smoothly, we held a half day student workshop. The content of workshop is of making tour plans for a family who had relationship problems among family members. Twelve groups with eight students respectively competed and evaluated each other, and all students enjoyed working as groups. The efficacy of this introductory program was evaluated with questionnaire and their study time of group learning between this year and last year students. Impression and feeling of usefulness toward PBL-tutorial was improved, and time of group study increased this year. Results suggested usefulness of this introductory program. We will continue the evaluation of this program