Gluconates as Corrosion Inhibitor of Aluminum in Various Corrosive Media

Corrosion processes are responsible for huge losses in industry. Though organic, inorganic and mixed material inhibitors were used for a long time to combat corrosion, the environmental toxicity of organic corrosion inhibitors has prompted the search for inorganic corrosion inhibitors. The effect of gluconates as novel corrosion inhibitors on the corrosion of aluminum alloy in acidic and saline media was investigated by electrochemical and weight loss techniques. The effect of inhibitor concentration was also investigated. High resolution scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (HR-SEM/EDS) was used to characterize the surface morphology of the metal before and after corrosion. Experimental results revealed that gluconates in the studied solution decreased the corrosion rate at the different concentrations studied. The experimental results obtained from potentiodynamic polarization method showed that the presence of the gluconates in 3.5% NaCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions decreases the corrosion current densities (icorr) and corrosion rates (CR), and increases the polarization resistance (Rp). It was observed that the inhibitor efficiency depends on the corrosive media, concentration of the inhibitor and the substrate material. The adsorption characteristics of the gluconates were also described. Good correlation exists between the results obtained from both methods

Assessment of Quality of Garri Produced from a Conductive Rotary Dryer

The quality of garri produced from a Conductive Rotary Dryer (CRD) was assessed with a view to optimizing the use of the CRD for the production of high quality garri. Cassava tubers were pre- processed into mash which was divided into two portions; one portion was roasted using a traditional fryer while the other was roasted using the CDR. The mash roasted using the CRD was subjected to varying parameters (batch quantity, drum temperature, vapour extraction rate, drum speed, number of flights and number of breakers) to produce seven garri samples using a Taguchi design. The quality of garri produced using the traditional fryer and CDR was determined by analysing samples for some physiochemical properties and proximate composition. Results showed that the quality of samples produced using the CDR agreed with standards given for garri in literature. In conclusion, this study showed that using the right operating parameters, the CDR could produce high quality garri that is acceptable not only in local markets but also at regional and international markets. Keywords: mash, standards, properties, roasted, traditional frye

Investigation of eggshell agro-industrial waste as a potential corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in oil and gas industry

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : All data and material will be made available on request.Corrosion inhibitors are generally used in reducing metallic corrosive effects. Nevertheless, most inhibitory compounds have harmful effects on the environment, as well as being expensive and toxic. Therefore, there is growing awareness of the need to replace petroleum inhibitors with eco-friendly inhibitors. Eggshell agro-industrial waste (ESAW) is a compound with high inhibitive activity and its utilization is desirable to minimize the quantity of agricultural waste generated. Hence, this study aims to demonstrate the inhibition efficiency of eggshell extract, a waste compound, on mild steel (material frequently utilized in the oil and gas sector) in one molar hydrochloric acid solution accessed via weight loss and electrochemical methods. Potentiodynamic polarization results shows that the current densities of mild steel corrosion significantly decreased using eggshell agroindustrial waste. Similarly, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results suggest that eggshell agro-industrial waste enhances the mild steel polarization resistance significantly. The inhibitor performance increases with increasing eggshell agro-industrial waste concentration, with optimum efficiency of 97.17%. The inhibition was due to the adsorption and adhesion of the eggshell agroindustrial waste constituents on the surface of the mild steel; the adsorption obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Compared with various reported corrosion inhibitors in the literature, eggshell agro-industrial waste is very effective. Therefore, eggshell agro-industrial waste can be recommended as a potential inhibitor in the oil and gas sector.The Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa and the Government of the United Kingdom through The Royal Society.https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainabilityam2024Chemical EngineeringSDG-02:Zero HungerSDG-12:Responsible consumption and productio

Evaluation of corrosion inhibition of essential oil-based inhibitors on aluminum alloys

There is a high demand for eco-friendly, effective, and highperformance corrosion inhibitors for industrial applications. Thus, the corrosion property of aluminum alloys was studied in essential oil-containing sodium chloride solution at various concentrations. Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), surface tests, and weight loss analysis were used to study the corrosion inhibition mechanism of the essential oil. The essential oil showed the highest inhibition efficiency of 97.01% at 1000 ppm. A high efficiency of 96.03% was achieved even after 168 h of exposure. The potentiodynamic polarization test showed that the essential oil is a mixed-type inhibitor. EIS results show better adsorption of the oil on the surface of the aluminum at increased inhibitor concentrations. The Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm model was found to describe the adsorption behavior. The surface morphology of the uninhibited and inhibited specimens examined by a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energydispersive X-ray spectroscope confirmed the protective film of the inhibitor molecules on the aluminum surface.http://pubs.acs.org/journal/acsodfam2023Chemical Engineerin

An Artificial Neural Network Approach to Predicting Most Applicable Post-Contract Cost Controlling Techniques in Construction Projects

The post-contract phase of the construction process remains critical to cost management. Several techniques have been used to facilitate effective cost management in this phase. However, the deployment of these techniques has not caused a reduction in the incidence of cost overruns hence casting doubts on their utility. The seeming underwhelming performance posted by these post-contract cost control techniques (PCCTs), has been traced to improper deployment by construction project managers (CPM) and quantity surveyors (QS). Utilizing the perspectives of CPM and QS professionals, as elicited through a survey, produced 135 samples. The instrumentality of the artificial neural networks (ANN) in this study enabled the development of a structured decision-support methodology for analysing the most appropriate PCCTs to be deployed to different construction process phases. Besides showcasing the utility of the emergent ANN-based decision support methodology, the study’s theoretical findings indicate that CPM and QS professionals influence decisions pertaining to PCCTs choice in distinct phases of the construction process. Whereas QS professionals were particularly responsible for the choice of PCCTs during the initial and mid-level phases, CPM professionals assumed responsibility for PCCTs selection during the construction process close-out phase. In construction cost management practice, the crucial PCCTs identifies more with the application of historical data and all cost monitoring approaches

Kigelia africana Stem Bark, Fruit and Leaf Extracts Alleviate Benzene-induced Leukaemia in Rats

Aims: This study was aimed at evaluating the potential leukaemia chemotherapeutic activities of various extracts of Kigelia africana stem bark; fruit and leaf by using a benzene-induced model of leukaemia to validate its folkloric use. Evidences from African herbal medicine and traditional applications have shown that Kigelia africana plant has several beneficial therapeutic properties against microbial infections and cancer cell lines. Study Design: Experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria and study was conducted between August, 2016 and November, 2016. Methodology: Rats were administered 0.2 mL of benzene solution intravenously through the tail 48-hourly for 4 weeks, tested periodically and observed till leukaemia developed prior to treatment with respective extract of the Kigelia africana stem bark, fruit and leaf in appropriate rat groups after leukaemia was confirmed with haematological protocols. Leukaemic rats were administered with 100 mg/mL contained in 0.5 mL stem bark, 0.5 mL fruit and 0.2 mL of the leaf extract orally by gavage using oral cannula once daily post leukemia induction for four weeks. Haematological parameters and white blood cells differential counts (lymphocytes) were assessed in both control and treatment groups to determine the leukaemia burden. Results: Kigelia africana treatment using the stem bark, fruit and leaf significantly (P < 0.05) alleviated the anaemia indices and reduced the marked leucocytosis usually associated with leukaemia toward the negative control level when compared with the leukaemia control group. Antileukaemic activity however appears to be highest in stem bark, and least in the leaf. Conclusion: This study revealed the potential of ethanol extracts of Kigelia africana stem bark, fruit and leaf to reverse leukaemic effects in benzene-induced leukaemia bearing wistar rats and this suggest that the extracts might be promising natural, non-toxic and anticancer agents

Data on environmental sustainable corrosion inhibitor for stainless steel in aggressive environment

This data article contains data related to the research article entitled “enhanced corrosion resistance of stainless steel Type 316 in sulphuric acid solution using eco-friendly waste product” (Sanni et al., 2018). In this data article, a comprehensive effect of waste product and optimized process parameter of the inhibitor in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution was presented using weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The presence of the inhibitor (egg shell powder) influenced corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Inhibition efficiency value of 94.74% was recorded as a result of inhibition of the steel by the ionized molecules of the inhibiting compound of the egg shell powder influencing the redox mechanism reactions responsible for corrosion and surface deterioration. Keywords: Corrosion, Stainless steel, Inhibitor, Sulphuric aci

Inhibitive Action of Ferrous Gluconate on Aluminum Alloy in Saline Environment

The corrosion of aluminum in saline environment in the presence of ferrous gluconate was studied using weight loss and linear polarization methods. The corrosion rates were studied in different concentrations of ferrous gluconate 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/mL at 28°C. Experimental results revealed that ferrous gluconate in saline environment reduced the corrosion rate of aluminum alloy at the different concentrations studied. The minimum inhibition efficiency was obtained at 1.5 g/mL concentration of inhibitor while the optimum inhibition efficiency was achieved with 1.0 g/mL inhibitor concentration. The results showed that adsorption of ferrous gluconate on the aluminium alloy surface fits Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The potentiodynamic polarization results showed that ferrous gluconate is a mixed type inhibitor. Ferrous gluconate acted as an effective inhibitor for aluminium alloy within the temperature and concentration range studied. The data obtained from weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization methods were in good agreement

Application of Shunt Capacitor Compensation Technique on Electrical Power Distribution System: A Review

The performance and quality of service of the electrical power distribution system are one of the utmost issues bothering the power system operator. This matter is important in order to fulfil load demands, which increase significantly. The progress in enhancing the efficiency of the system is plagued by high real power losses and poor voltage profile especially in the conventional radial distribution system. Hence, researchers have adopted a variety of different approaches to solve these problems in electrical power distribution system. One of the techniques employed is installation of shunt capacitor (using Capacitor Switching Compensation). Studies have shown that when Capacitor Switching Compensation is incorporated into the distribution system, the system losses can be minimized by reducing the reactive power component. Capacitor Switching Compensation is a widely used technique in electric power distribution system to improve the power system performance. This study therefore, reviews some of the applications of Capacitor Switching Compensation in electrical distribution system based on voltage and reactive power control. Thus, the usage of Capacitor Switching Compensation help to control the reactive power on a distribution system, maintenance of the flat voltage profile, improve the system efficiency and the stability of the electrical power distribution system. Keywords:Electrical Power Distribution System, Reactive Power, Voltage Control, Capacitor Switching Compensation, System Losses, Load Demand. DOI: 10.7176/ISDE/12-5-03 Publication date:August 31st 202

Kaempferol mitigates reproductive dysfunctions induced by Naja nigricollis venom through antioxidant system and anti-inflammatory response in male rats

Abstract Naja nigricollis Venom (NnV) contains complex toxins that affects various vital systems functions after envenoming. The venom toxins have been reported to induce male reproductive disorders in envenomed rats. This present study explored the ameliorative potential of kaempferol on NnV-induced male reproductive toxicity. Fifty male wistar rats were sorted randomly into five groups (n = 10) for this study. Group 1 were noted as the control, while rats in groups 2 to 5 were injected with LD50 of NnV (1.0 mg/kg bw; i.p.). Group 2 was left untreated post envenomation while group 3 was treated with 0.2 ml of polyvalent antivenom. Groups 4 and 5 were treated with 4 and 8 mg/kg of kaempferol, respectively. NnV caused substantial reduction in concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone and luteinizing hormone, while sperm motility, volume and counts significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in envenomed untreated rats. The venom enhanced malondialdehyde levels and substantially decreased glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the testes and epididymis of envenomed untreated rats. Additionally, epididymal and testicular myeloperoxidase activity and nitric oxide levels were elevated which substantiated severe morphological defects noticed in the reproductive organs. However, treatment of envenomed rats with kaempferol normalized the reproductive hormones with significant improvement on sperm functional parameters. Elevated inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in testis and epididymis were suppressed post kaempferol treatment. Severe histopathological lesions in the epididymal and testicular tissues were ameliorated in the envenomed treated groups. Results highlights the significance of kaempferol in mitigating reproductive toxicity induced after snakebite envenoming