Analysis using national databases reveals a positive association between dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids with TV watching and diabetes in European females - Fig 2

<p>Partial regression plot (a) showing the association between sedentary behaviour of 11 year old girls and mean PUFA, holding all other predictors in the multiple regression constant (N = 21; <i>P</i>< 0.001). Grey shading indicates confidence bands around the regression line (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0173084#pone.0173084.t004" target="_blank">Table 4A</a> for details). Shown in panel (b) is the least-squares regression betweensedentary behaviour of 11 year old girls and mean PUFA, without any other predictors. The regression is highly significant (N = 21; R²_adj = 0.50; <i>P</i> = 0.002).</p

Socioeconomic and environmental variables across Europe.

<p>Socioeconomic and environmental variables across Europe.</p

Scatterplot matrix depicting bivariate relationships between all response and independent variables for 25+ years female women across 23 European countries.

<p>For descriptions of variable names and raw data, please see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0173084#pone.0173084.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>. Numbers in the upper diagonal represent Spearman rank correlation coefficients (* P ≤ 0.10; ** P ≤ 0.05; *** significant at Bonferroni-adjusted alpha, i.e. P ≤ 0.1 ÷21 ≈0.005). Lines in lower diagonal panels represent locally weighted smoothers. Histograms of each variable are included in the diagonal.</p

Results of weighted multiple least-squares regression for European women 25 years or older.

<p>Shown are partial coefficients with 90% confidence intervals. The coefficients represent the median value of 999 bootstrapped estimates, and can be interpreted as the amount by which the response variable changes when the given predictor (independent) variable increases by one unit, holding all other predictor variables constant. Bold confidence intervals indicate those that exclude zero. The weighting factor was log(sample size) (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0173084#pone.0173084.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>). Norway was removed as an outlier.</p

Prevalence of elevated blood glucose among 25+ yr old females across Europe with mean adult intakes of MUFA and PUFA.

<p>Prevalence of elevated blood glucose among 25+ yr old females across Europe with mean adult intakes of MUFA and PUFA.</p

Prevalence of sedentary behaviour among 11 yr old girls with mean intakes of MUFA and PUFA in this age group across Europe.

<p>Prevalence of sedentary behaviour among 11 yr old girls with mean intakes of MUFA and PUFA in this age group across Europe.</p

Scatterplot matrix depicting bivariate relationships between all response and independent variables for 11 yr old female children across 21 European countries.

<p>For descriptions of variable names and raw data, please see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0173084#pone.0173084.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. Numbers in the upper diagonal represent Spearman rank correlation coefficients (* P ≤ 0.10; ** P ≤ 0.05; *** significant at Bonferroni-adjusted alpha, i.e. P ≤ 0.1 ÷ 21 ≈ 0.005). Lines in lower diagonal panels represent locally weighted smoothers. Histograms of each variable are included in the diagonal.</p

Results of multiple least-squares regression for 11-year old European girls.

<p>Shown are partial coefficients with 90% confidence intervals (999 permutations). The coefficients can be interpreted as the amount by which the response variable changes when the given predictor (independent) variable increases by one unit, holding all other predictor variables constant. Bold confidence intervals indicate those that exclude zero.</p

ω-6 PUFA rich diets resulted in increased translocation of microbes from Enterobacteriacea across the intestinal mucosae.

<p>A) Colonic tissue sections were hybridized with a γ-Proteobacteria probe (green) and the nuclei stained with DAPI (blue) to examine the locations of Enterobacteriaceae. These Gram-negative microbes were found in the submucosae (600× magnification scale bar = 14.2 µm) prior to infection in the colons of mice fed ω-6 PUFA rich diets. During infection with <i>C. rodentium</i>, a member of Enterobacteriaceae, the pathogen was found deep into the crypts (100× magnification, scale bar = 85.4 µm; upper panel) and in the submucosae (600× magnification scale bar = 14.2 µm) in the colons of mice fed ω-6 PUFA rich diets. B) Colony forming units (CFU) recovered from the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were highest from mice fed ω-6 PUFA rich diets after 10 days of <i>C. rodentium</i> infection. CFU were enumerated from tissues removed from mice fed various diets and were homogenized followed by plating in serial dilutions on Lb agar. (*, <i>P</i><0.05).</p

While ω-6 PUFA rich diets resulted in the induction of LPS binding protein prior to infection, it was the ω-3 PUFA supplemented diet that induced infection-induced septic responses.

<p>LPS binding protein, TNF-α and IL-15 were measured in sera from in mice that had been fed the various diets both before and after infection with <i>C. rodentium</i>. (*, <i>P</i><0.05).</p