CHANGING DEMOGRAPHICS - IMPLICATIONS FOR HOUSEHOLD PORTFOLIOS

Households have a hump shaped income profile with respect to age, which means that younger households have lower income that increases with age, the income stabilizes in the middle years and starts to decline post retirement. The income lifecycle is inversely proportional to risk aversion which plays an important role in how households allocate assets in their portfolio, low in younger years and gradually increasing with age that reaches its peak before it starts to drop off post retirement. The main objective of this study is to explore demographic trends like changing age structure and its impact on variability in household portfolio asset allocation by reviewing the current literature and available household data

Impact On Small Farmers and Fishermen Through Use Of Mobiles in India

Telecommunication and more specially mobile phones have the potential to provide solution to the existing information asymmetry in various lagging sectors like Agriculture. India’s agricultural sector suffers from low growth rates and low productivity. Issues in access to information is a week point at every stage of the agrisupply chain. For small farmers base economy like India, access to information can possible enable better incomes and productivity to the farmers. This paper through focus group discussions and in-depth interview with farmers in villages of India, has tried to find answers to the use and impact of mobile and mobile enabled services on agricultural productivity. The answers to these questions are of relevance to develop better policy environment conducive for the small and medium farmers and has implications for mobile operators, for information service providers, and for policy-makers. The results show that although, mobiles can act as catalyst to improving productivity and rural incomes, the quality of the information, the timeliness of the information and trustworthiness of the information are the three important aspects that has to be delivered to the farmers, to meet there needs and expectations. There exist critical binding constraints that restricts the ability of the farming community to realise gains at full potential and this is more for the small than to large farmers.Mobile and Agriculture, India, Productivity, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Marketing, Production Economics, Q13, Q16, Q18,

CHANGING DEMOGRAPHICS - IMPLICATIONS FOR HOUSEHOLD PORTFOLIOS

Households have a hump shaped income profile with respect to age, which means that younger households have lower income that increases with age, the income stabilizes in the middle years and starts to decline post retirement. The income lifecycle is inversely proportional to risk aversion which plays an important role in how households allocate assets in their portfolio, low in younger years and gradually increasing with age that reaches its peak before it starts to drop off post retirement. The main objective of this study is to explore demographic trends like changing age structure and its impact on variability in household portfolio asset allocation by reviewing the current literature and available household data

An Analysis of Impact and Implications of Voluntary Retirement Scheme

The government of India adopted a new economic policy whereby it relaxed and in certain cases removed restrictions on import and export. This resulted in significant changes in industrial and business sectors. One of his important aspects of the liberalized economic policy is the Exit Policy. Under this policy the government has allowed business and industrial establishment, to reduce their excess staff and employees. The reduction of excess staff is a result of restructuring of organizations due to modernizing, applying new technology and new methods of operation so that the industrial organizations could operate economically and withstand the competition with companies and organizations which have accepted foreign collaborations, innovative methods and technology up gradation, rendering some employees surplus. Since the procedure under Industrial Disputes Act 1947, for retrenching involves a lot of legal hurdles and complex procedures, the government authorized schemes of voluntary retirement of employees after offering them suitable voluntary retirement of employees after offering them suitable voluntary retirement benefits, and giving some tax relief on such payments to employees who are eligible to retire voluntarily under the guidelines issues by the government and Income Tax authorities. In the five-year plans which were doped and implemented by the Government it had established and developed public sector undertaking to create employment and also to augment the increased demands of industrial goods, fertilizers and other core industries. The encouragement given to public sector was so significant that it crated employment opportunities on a mass scale. Most of the public sector undertakings were not cost effective. The trade unions have been opposing retrenchment under the exiting labor laws. The government, therefore, found a solution to the problem of surplus staff by allowing voluntary retirement both in public and private sectors. The human resource in the industrial sector have become surplus on account of (a) exiting level of technology (b) will become surplus with adoption of newer technologies and technological up gradation. If the textile industry adopts latest technology in manufacturing units, 15 million workers in the industry would be out of their jobs, around 2-4 million workers are found surplus in the various sick industrial units all over India. Similarly, millions have been found surplus in government undertakings

An Optimal Inventory Policy for Items Having Constant Demand and Constant Deterioration Rate with Trade Credit`

In most of the classical inventory models the demand is considered as constant. In this paper the model has been framed to study the items whose demand and deterioration both are constant. The authors developed a model to determine an optimal order quantity by using calculus technique of maxima and minima. Thus, it helps a retailer to decide its optimal ordering quantity under the constraints of constant deterioration rate and constant pattern of demand

Does the Type of Records Affect the Estimates of the Parameters?

The maximum likelihood estimation of the unknown parameters of inverse Rayleigh and exponential distributions are discussed based on lower and upper records. The aim is to study the effect of the type of records on the behavior of the corresponding estimators. Mean squared errors are calculated through simulation to study the behavior of the estimators. The results shall be of interest to those situations where the data can be obtained in the form of either of the two types of records and the experimenter must decide between these two for estimation of the unknown parameters of the distribution

Histopathological evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding with immunohistochemical study of significant estrogen receptor expression in endometrium of women with different age groups

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is symptom, not disease. Bleeding per vaginum is labelled to be pathological when there is constant irregularity in pattern and flow of bleeding, altered duration or increased amount of menstrual blood. Histopathological examination of endometrium biopsies remains a gold standard diagnostic tool. Methods: A prospective study was done on 150 patients presenting with AUB over the period January 2022 to December 2022 in the department of pathology, Hind institute of medical sciences, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and special stain estrogen receptor was used. Results: Majority of the patients were seen in the perimenopausal age group and most common complaint was menorrhagia in 73 patients (48%). The commonest pathology observed in our study was proliferative phase endometrium in 48 patients (32%). Most of the endometrial carcinoma (4%) were presented after the age of 50 years. The association between histopathological patterns and estrogen receptor category were found to be statistically significant as the p<0.05. Conclusions: Disease burden on a global scale is witnessed by women affected by AUB thus having a detrimental impact. Accurate diagnosis of AUB in women over the age of 35yrs is important to rule out preneoplastic lesions and malignancies so that surgical interventions can be avoided by initiating proper medical management. Comparing the hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrium to that of the proliferative phase, ER expression was lower. Endometrial carcinoma with advanced stage often lacks the expression of the receptors

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel N-substituted benzimidazoles

Synthesis of a series of new substituted benzimidazole derivatives by the condensation of     o-phenylenediamine with urea to give 1,3-dihydro-benzimidazol-2-one which reacted with phosphoryl chloride to give 2-chloro-1H-benzimidazole is reported. The product was then alkylated at the benzimidazole NH with different electrophilic reagents leading to functionalized derivatives. Structures of the newly synthesized products have been deduced on the basis of spectral and analytical data. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity. This exhibited some promising results towards testing organism in-vitro

Quantum dot photonic crystal detectors

In this paper we report the use of a photonic crystal resonant cavity to increase the quantum efficiency, detectivity (D*) and the background limited infrared photodetector (BLIP) temperature of a quantum dot detector. The photonic crystal is incorporated in InAs/InGaAs/GaAs dots-in-well (DWELL) detector using Electron beam lithography. From calibrated blackbody measurements, the conversion efficiency of the detector with the photonic crystal (DWELL-PC) is found to be 58.5% at -2.5 V while the control DWELL detectors have quantum efficiency of 7.6% at the same bias. We observed no significant reduction in the dark current of the photonic crystal devices compared to the normal structure. The generation-recombination limited D* at 77K with a 300K F1.7 background, is estimated to be 6 x 10^(10) cm Hz^(1/2)/W at -3V bias for the DWELL-PC which is a factor of 20 higher than that of the control sample. We also observed a 20% increase in the BLIP temperature for the DWELL-PCs