Discovery of resources over Cloud using MADM approaches

Cloud and P2P computing allows the sharing of resources among its users from diverse geographical locations. The resources are heterogeneous in nature and possess distinct attributes. The majority of the existing techniques rely on the static attributes during resource selection. However, the matching of resources based on static attributes may not be the best for the execution of user jobs. The resources could be very attractive as per the static configuration but might be heavily loaded with other multiple jobs since the working memory and storage space might have already been utilized. Hence, there is a need to consider the dynamic state of the resources in order to locate the most suitable resources for user jobs. In this paper, a 2-phased multi-attribute decision making (MADM) mechanism is proposed to locate the appropriate resources. The first phase explains a mechanism to discover all the matched resources and the second phase then applies the PROMETHEE MADM approach on the set of resources to find the most suitable resource for the user job. The proposed approach enables users to find the most suitable resource for their respective jobs

Impact of Docker Container Virtualization On Wireless Mesh Network by Using Software-Defined Network

In today’s advanced digital world era, it is extremely difficult for small enterprises or organizations to merge traditional or legacy computer network devices/equipment and wireless mesh networking devices with the latest digital computer network technology with respect to the expense of buying and maintaining expensive branded networking devices. However, today, by applying the neatly Software-defined networking, the OpenFlow protocol along with virtualization such as docker containers, which is a pack of their specific libraries, configured files, and software, provides advantages over proprietary or branded computer networking devices with respect to purchasing expenditure, operational expenditure, and improved performance in computer networking. Redistribution of routing protocol is very essential when using various autonomous systems in wireless mesh networks. Docker containers of frr and quagga give an edge over traditional or branded physical router devices, some docker containers are used as wired and wireless hosts/clients in the wireless mesh network. The novel idea used in this paper is on how to use the different software-defined controllers (Ryu and Pox controller) in a docker containerized wireless mesh network to analyse with respect to packet transfer, jitter in transmission, minimum delay in transmission, maximum delay in transmission, the average delay in transmission,  delay standard deviation bit-rate, send packets,  average packets drop, dropped packets along-with average loss-burst size in Mininet Wi-Fi testbed at the different scenario and the result shows that by using the docker container virtualization along with software-defined network two different controllers improves the performance and optimize the wireless mesh network. In addition, it shows that by using containerization and virtualization, capital expenditure and operational expenditure can be reduced in designing and developing wireless mesh network topologies.&nbsp

Biodegradation and detoxification of textile azo dyes by bacterial consortium under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic processes

Release of textile azo dyes to the environment is an issue of health concern while the use of microorganisms has proved to be the best option for remediation. Thus, in the present study, a bacterial consortium consisting of Providencia rettgeri strain HSL1 and Pseudomonas sp. SUK1 has been investigated for degradation and detoxification of structurally different azo dyes. The consortium showed 98-99 % decolorization of all the selected azo dyes viz. Reac-tive Black 5 (RB 5), Reactive Orange 16 (RO 16), Disperse Red 78 (DR 78) and Direct Red 81 (DR 81) within 12 to 30 h at 100 mg L-1 concentration at 30 ± 0.2 °C under microaero-philic, sequential aerobic/microaerophilic and microaerophilic/aerobic processes. However, decolorization under microaerophilic conditions viz. RB 5 (0.26 mM), RO 16 (0.18 mM), DR 78 (0.20 mM) and DR 81 (0.23 mM) and sequential aerobic/microaerophilic processes viz. RB 5 (0.08 mM), RO 16 (0.06 mM), DR 78 (0.07 mM) and DR 81 (0.09 mM) resulted into the formation of aromatic amines. In distinction, sequential microaerophilic/ aerobic process doesn’t show the formation of amines. Additionally, 62-72 % reduction in total organic carbon content was observed in all the dyes decolorized broths under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic processes suggesting the efficacy of method in mineralization of dyes. Notable induction within the levels of azoreductase and NADH-DCIP reductase (97 and 229 % for RB 5, 55 and 160 % for RO 16, 63 and 196 % for DR 78, 108 and 258 % for DR 81) observed under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic processes suggested their critical involvements in the initial breakdown of azo bonds, whereas, a slight increase in the levels of laccase and veratryl alcohol oxidase confirmed subsequent oxidation of formed amines. Also, the acute toxicity assay with Daphnia magna revealed the nontoxic nature of the dye-degraded metabolites under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic processes. As biodegradation under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic process completely detoxified all the selected textile azo dyes, further efforts should be made to implement such methods for large scale dye wastewater treatment technologies

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR ESTIMATION OF ATAZANAVIR SULPHATE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Two simple, accurate, precise and cost effective UV-Spectrophotometric methods have been developed for estimation of Atazanavir sulphate (ATV), an anti-HIV drug, in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Method A is Absorbance maxima method, which is based on measurement of absorption at maximum wavelength, 247nm. Method B is Area under Curve (AUC), in wavelength range of 240-254nm. The linear responses were observed in the range of 5- 40 μg/ml for both the methods, with the regression coefficient of 0.9996 and 0.9997 respectively. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies and was found to be 100.56% and 100.86% respectively. The developed methods were validated for different parameters like linearity, accuracy (recovery), precision and specificity, as per the ICH Q2 R1 (International Conference for Harmonization) guidelines and were found to be satisfactory. These methods can be used for the determination of Atazanavir sulphate in bulk and formulation without interference of the excipients

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF DARUNAVIR ETHANOLATE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Two simple, precise and economical UV methods have been developed for the estimation of Darunavir ethanolate (DRV) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Method A is Absorbance maxima method, which is based on measurement of absorption at maximum wavelength, 266 nm. Method B is area under curve (AUC), in the wavelength range of 255-275 nm. Linearity for detector response was observed in the concentration range of 3-18 μg/ml for the both methods. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy (recovery), precision and specificity. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies and was found to be 100.07% and 99.58% for Method A and Method B respectively. The results were validated statistically as per ICH Q2 R1 guidelines and were found to be satisfactory. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of DRV in tablet dosage form

A study of organizational versus individual needs related to recruitment, deployment and promotion of doctors working in the government health system in Odisha state, India

Background An effective health workforce is essential for achieving health-related new Sustainable Development Goals. Odisha, one of the states in India with low health indicators, faces challenges in recruiting and retaining health staff in the public sector, especially doctors. Recruitment, deployment and career progression play an important role in attracting and retaining doctors. We examined the policies on recruitment, deployment and promotion for doctors in the state and how these policies were perceived to be implemented. Methods We undertook document review and four key informant interviews with senior state-level officials to delineate the policies for recruitment, deployment and promotion. We conducted 90 in-depth interviews, 86 with doctors from six districts and four at the state level to explore the perceptions of doctors about these policies. Results Despite the efforts by the Government of Odisha through regular recruitments, a quarter of the posts of doctors was vacant across all institutional levels in the state. The majority of doctors interviewed were unaware of existing government rules for placement, transfer and promotion. In addition, there were no explicit rules followed in placement and transfer. More than half (57%) of the doctors interviewed from well-accessible areas had never worked in the identified hard-to-reach areas in spite of having regulatory and incentive mechanisms. The average length of service before the first promotion was 26 (±3.5) years. The doctors expressed satisfaction with the recruitment process. They stated concerns over delayed first promotion, non-transparent deployment policies and ineffective incentive system. Almost all doctors suggested having time-bound and transparent policies. Conclusions Adequate and appropriate deployment of doctors is a challenge for the government as it has to align the individual aspirations of employees with organizational needs. Explicit rules for human resource management coupled with transparency in implementation can improve governance and build trust among doctors which would encourage them to work in the public sector

Secure Multi-Path Selection with Optimal Controller Placement Using Hybrid Software-Defined Networks with Optimization Algorithm

The Internet's growth in popularity requires computer networks for both agility and resilience. Recently, unable to satisfy the computer needs for traditional networking systems. Software Defined Networking (SDN) is known as a paradigm shift in the networking industry. Many organizations are used SDN due to their efficiency of transmission. Striking the right balance between SDN and legacy switching capabilities will enable successful network scenarios in architecture networks. Therefore, this object grand scenario for a hybrid network where the external perimeter transport device is replaced with an SDN device in the service provider network. With the moving away from older networks to SDN, hybrid SDN includes both legacy and SDN switches. Existing models of SDN have limitations such as overfitting, local optimal trapping, and poor path selection efficiency. This paper proposed a Deep Kronecker Neural Network (DKNN) to improve its efficiency with a moderate optimization method for multipath selection in SDN. Dynamic resource scheduling is used for the reward function the learning performance is improved by the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) technique. The controller for centralised SDN acts as a network brain in the control plane. Among the most important duties network is selected for the best SDN controller. It is vulnerable to invasions and the controller becomes a network bottleneck. This study presents an intrusion detection system (IDS) based on the SDN model that runs as an application module within the controller. Therefore, this study suggested the feature extraction and classification of contractive auto-encoder with a triple attention-based classifier. Additionally, this study leveraged the best performing SDN controllers on which many other SDN controllers are based on OpenDayLight (ODL) provides an open northbound API and supports multiple southbound protocols. Therefore, one of the main issues in the multi-controller placement problem (CPP) that addresses needed in the setting of SDN specifically when different aspects in interruption, ability, authenticity and load distribution are being considered. Introducing the scenario concept, CPP is formulated as a robust optimization problem that considers changes in network status due to power outages, controller’s capacity, load fluctuations and changes in switches demand. Therefore, to improve network performance, it is planned to improve the optimal amount of controller placements by simulated annealing using different topologies the modified Dragonfly optimization algorithm (MDOA)

Association of preeclampsia with anthropometric measures and blood pressure in Indian children.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Birth weight and post-natal growth are important predictors of adult health. Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with low birth weight and may have long term effects on the health of the children. The current study aims to compare anthropometry and blood pressure between children of mothers with and without PE in an Indian cohort. METHODS: We studied children born to women with (PE; n = 211) and without preeclampsia (non-PE; n = 470) at Bharati Hospital, Pune, India. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured in children at 3-7 years of age. Weight and height Z-scores were calculated using the WHO 2006 growth reference. Independent t-tests were used to compare means between the two groups, and associations between preeclampsia and child outcomes were analyzed using multiple linear regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Weight and height Z-scores (p = 0.04 and 0.008), and subscapular skinfold thickness (p = 0.03) were higher among children of PE compared with children of non-PE mothers. Systolic blood pressure was also higher in children of PE mothers (1.70 mmHg [95% CI 0.05, 2.90] p = 0.006). BMI and diastolic blood pressure did not differ between groups. In regression models adjusted for newborn weight and gestational age, current age and sex, and maternal height, BMI and socio-economic status, children of PE mothers had higher weight Z-score (0.27 SD [95%CI 0.06, 0.48] p = 0.01), height Z-score (0.28 SD [95%CI 0.09, 0.47] p = 0.005), and subscapular skinfold thickness (0.38 mm [95%CI 0.00, 0.76] p = 0.049). A trend for higher systolic blood pressure (1.59 mmHg [95%CI -0.02, 3.20] p = 0.053) in the children was also observed in the adjusted model. The difference in systolic blood pressure was attenuated after adjusting further for the child's weight and height (1.09 mmHg [95%CI -0.48, 2.67] p = 0.17). There was no evidence of differences in effects between boys and girls. CONCLUSION: Children of PE mothers were taller and heavier, and had higher systolic blood pressure, partly explained by their increased body size, than children of non-PE mothers. In utero exposure to preeclampsia may increase the risk of future cardiovascular disease

Smoking, alcohol use disorder and tuberculosis treatment outcomes: A dual co-morbidity burden that cannot be ignored

BackgroundMore than 20% of tuberculosis (TB) disease worldwide may be attributable to smoking and alcohol abuse. India is the second largest consumer of tobacco products, a major consumer of alcohol particularly among males, and has the highest burden of TB globally. The impact of increasing tobacco dose, relevance of alcohol misuse and past versus current or never smoking status on TB treatment outcomes remain inadequately defined.MethodsWe conducted a multi-centric prospective cohort study of newly diagnosed adult pulmonary TB patients initiated on TB treatment and followed for a minimum of 6 months to assess the impact of smoking status with or without alcohol abuse on treatment outcomes. Smokers were defined as never smokers, past smokers or current smokers. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) scores were used to assess alcohol misuse. The association between smoking status and treatment outcomes was assessed in univariate and multivariate random effects poisson regression models.ResultsOf 455 enrolled, 129 (28%) had a history of smoking with 94 (20%) current smokers and 35 (8%) past smokers. Unfavourable treatment outcomes were significantly higher among past and current smokers as compared to never smokers. Specifically, the risk of treatment failure was significantly higher among past smokers (aIRR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.41-4.90, p = 0.002), recurrent TB among current smokers (aIRR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.30-6.67, p = 0.010) and death among both past (2.63, 95% CI: 1.11-6.24, p = 0.028) and current (aIRR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.29-5.18, p = 0.007) smokers. Furthermore, the combined effect of alcohol misuse and smoking on unfavorable treatment outcomes was significantly higher among past smokers (aIRR: 4.67, 95% CI: 2.17-10.02, pConclusionPast and current smoking along with alcohol misuse have combined effects on increasing the risk of unfavourable TB treatment outcomes. Innovative interventions that can readily address both co-morbidities are urgently needed