Effect of Starvation on the Biochemical Composition of Freshwater Fish Channa punctatus

The present study was carried out to study the changes in Biochemical constituents in different tissues of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus studied during starvation. The experiment involved 30 individuals of Channa punctatus (species) caught from Godavari river water. At the end of the experimental period, the tissues for biochemical analysis are collected separately from control and starved fishes. Starving resulted in body weight reduction and decrease in biochemical content in fish

Copper(I) complexes with N-(2-quinolinylmethylene)-1, 5-dimethyl- 2-phenyl-1-pyrazole-3-(2H)-one and phosphine as ligands: Effective catalyst for Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction

Abstract A new series of copper(I) complexes of the type [Cu(L)(PPh3)2]X(1a-c) and [Cu(L)(dppe)]X (2a-c) have been prepared by the reaction of Cu(MeCN)4]X (Where X = ClO4-, BF4- and PF6- ) with N-(2-quinolinylmethylene)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1-pyrazole-3-(2H)-one (L) in presence of triphenyl- phosphine (PPh3) or 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) as an ancillary ligand. The UV–Visible spectra indicate that the ancillary phosphine ligands significantly perturb the MLCT state of copper(I) complexes. The thermally stable 1a-c and 2a-c complexes exhibit quasireversible redox behaviour corresponding to Cu(I)/Cu(II) couple. All complexes were tested as catalyst for Sonogashira cross-coupling of phenylacetylene with aryl iodide. The results showed that all complexes worked as an effective catalyst at low temperature yielded substituted aryl alkynes as a product. The nature of phosphine ligands and size of counter anions shows marked effect on their catalytic properties of all the complexes

Soft tissue coverage techniques for management of open fractures of tibia (type IIIB)

Background: Open fractures are surgical emergencies; incidence of open fractures is increasing with more high-energy road traffic accidents. The tibia is exposed to frequent injury because of its location. The need for aggressive debridement, adequate fracture fixation, and early flap coverage in reducing the morbidity cannot be over emphasized.Methods: Treatment of open fracture by immediate debridement and anatomical fracture reduction using external fixator device. Gastrocnemius muscle flap done in upper 1/3 open fractures (type IIIB) with larger defects along with split thickness skin graft (STSG). In middle and lower 1/3 open fractures (type IIIB), fasciocutaneous and soleus muscle flaps done with relatively smaller soft tissue defects and exposed bone with STSG.Results: The study included 15 patients with open tibia fracture Gustillo Anderson type IIIB classified after the initial debridement. Excellent flap takes up was seen in all cases. 11 cases (73.3%) achieved union at the end of 6 months follow-up while 4 cases (26.7%) showed delayed union which required additional procedures like BMI or bone graft.Conclusions: Soft tissue coverage techniques like fascicutaneous flap, gastrocnemius and soleus muscle flap had a definitive role in the management of open fractures of tibia (type IIIB)

A prospective study of the study of maternal and perinatal outcome in cases of eclampsia

Background: This is an observational analytical study carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, in a tertiary care center to determine the factors influencing fetal and maternal outcome, prognosis and complications in booked and unbooked eclamptic cases.Methods: The present study is a prospective study of perinatal and maternal outcome in 50 cases of eclampsia, above 32 weeks of gestation, from 1st May 2013 to 30th April 2014. Patients with medical complications like anemia, preexisting hypertension, diabetes, vascular or renal disease, multiple gestation, polyhydraminos, etc. are excluded from the study. Detailed history, physical examinations were carried out and appropriate management instituted as per individual patient need. Follow-up of mothers up to 6weeks postpartum and neonates in the early neonatal period was done.                Results: Incidence of eclampsia is 0.64%, incidence of maternal mortality is 0.4% and perinatal mortality is 24%. 36% of patients developed complications. Maternal mortality was significantly high in patients with 6 or more episodes of convulsions. The most common cause of perinatal mortality is prematurity. Antepartum eclampsia with gestational age less than 36 weeks, BP >160/100, preterm births, low birth weight babies, low apgar scores influenced adverse perinatal outcome.Conclusions: Eclampsia still remains a major problem in developing countries. It is one of the important causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality due to lack of proper ANC, low socio-economic status and lack of education

Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation: A Review

For various types of drug approval processes like INDs, NDAs, ANDAs, veterinary drug approval, the data related to bioanalytical method development and validation is needed to sponsors. Various agencies namely US FDA, American association of pharmaceutical scientists (AAPS), Health protection Branch (HPB), Association of analytical chemists (AOAC), Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), European Medicine Agency (EMA), China Food and Drug administration(CFDA), European Bioanalytical Forum (EBF), Global CRO council (GCC), ANVISA (Brazil), Japan Bioanalytical Forum (JBF) had done collective efforts at different timings to regulate and harmonize bioanalytical method development and validation

Microbiological profile of patients attending sexually transmitted infection/reproductive tract infection clinic in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)/reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are an important public health problem worldwide. Growing spread of RTIs/STIs are an augmenting factor for HIV transmission. Due to lack of adequate laboratory infrastructure, there is limited data. Hence information regarding STIs lies essentially on syndromic basis.Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study carried from June 2016 to September 2016 with sample size of 300 patients attending STI/RTI clinic. Various samples were collected like scrapings, exudates and swabs from ulcerative lesions for microscopy. Urethral, vaginal and cervical swabs for wet mount, gram stain and culture. Blood sample were collected for RPR, TPHA, ELISA HSV II, HIV, HBsAg. Processing and identification of organism as per NACO guidelines.Results: Out of total 300 cases, 255 (85%) are females and 45 (15%) are males. Maximum cases are from 25-44 years age group. Genital discharge syndrome is more common in females while genital ulcerative syndrome more in males. Coinfection with HIV is found in 17% cases. Herpes genitals (20%) is the most common causative agent for ulcerative STIs in males. VDS is the most common syndrome in Females. Candida (27.8%), G. vaginalis (12.2%) and T. vaginalis (3.5%).Conclusions: Viral and fungal STIs are more common than bacterial STIs. Targeted intervention and contact tracing as done for HIV should be effectively emphasised for STI/RTI also. Syndromic approach should be supplemented by Laboratory diagnosis for more effective outcome

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus sources on amylase production in seed born fungi of maize

Starch degrading amylolytic enzymes are of great significance in biotechnological application ranging from food, fermentation, and textile to paper industries. Amylase enzyme action of ten dominating fungi viz. Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A niger, A terrus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum, Helminthosporium tetramera, Penicillium notatum, Rhizoctonia solani & Trichoderma viride isolated from different varieties of maize seeds were studies under the influences of nitrogen & phosphorus sources. The results are very helpful to minimize the bio-deterioration of maize seeds in different storage condition.&nbsp

One Minute Preceptor Model – place or to replace

Introduction: Neher's 1992 One Minute Preceptor Model (OMP) offers a concise teaching approach based on five micro skills. Its acceptance led to research on efficacy, with a critical factor being the teacher's skill. In medical education, where small group teaching prevails, understanding factors influencing teaching effectiveness is crucial. Methods: Conducted at Dr. D Y Patil Medical College, the mixed-methods interventional study involved 32 Postgraduate Students and 4 Professors. A randomized controlled trial and qualitative interviews assessed the impact of OMP on teaching efficacy and gathered teachers' experiences. Results: Quantitative analysis revealed varied preferences among teachers for OMP and traditional methods, emphasizing the importance of teacher choice. Thematic analysis of qualitative interviews highlighted perceptions favouring OMP for efficiency and traditional methods for foundational teaching. Conclusion: An approach, to accommodate different teaching preferences, can enhance overall educational outcomes

Cu(In,Ga)S2, Thin-Film Solar Cells Prepared by H2S Sulfurization of CuGa-In Precursor

Thin-film CuInS2 solar cell is the leading candidate for space power because of bandgap near the optimum value for AM0 solar radiation outside the earth's atmosphere, excellent radiation hardness, and freedom from intrinsic degradation mechanisms unlike a-Si:H cells. Ultra-lightweight thin-film solar cells deposited on flexible polyimide plastic substrates such as Kapton(trademark), Upilex(trademark), and Apical(trademark) have a potential for achieving specific power of 1000 W/kg, while the state-of-art specific power of the present day solar cells is 66 W/kg. This paper describes the preparation of Cu-rich CuIn(sub 1-x)Ga(sub x)S(sub 2) (CIGS2) thin films and solar cells by a process of sulfurization of CuGa-In precursor similar to that being used for preparation of large-compact-grain CuIn(sub 1-x)Ga(sub x)Se2 thin films and efficient solar cells at FSEC PV Materials Lab

Design of electron beam bending magnet system for electron and photon therapy: A simulation approach

The doubly achromatic electron beam bending magnet system using two sector magnets has been designed for the medical applications to treat the cancer. The aim of electron beam bending magnet system is to focus an electron beam having a spot size less than 3 mm × 3 mm, energy spread within 3% and divergence angle ≤ 3mrad at the target position. To achieve these parameters, the simulation has been carried out using Lorentz-3EM software. The beam spot, divergence angle and energy spread have been observed with respect to the variation in angles of sector magnets and drift distance. Based on the simulated results, it has been optimized that the first and second magnet has an angle 206° and 35° and the drift distance 80 mm. It is also observed that at the 1125, 1762, 2570, 3265 and 4155 Amp-turn, the optimized design produces 3369, 4972, 6384, 7584 and 9568 Gauss of magnetic field at median plane which require to bend 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 MeV energy of electron, respectively, for the electron therapy application. The output beam parameters of the optimized design are energy spread ±3%, divergence angle ~3 mrad and spot size 2.6 mm. Moreover, for 6 MV and 15 MV photon therapy applications, an electron beam of energy 6.5 MeV and 15.5 MeV extracted from magnet system and focused on the bremsstrahlung target. Various materials have been studied for photon generation using Monte Carlo based Fluka code and Tungsten material has been optimized as bremsstrahlung target which produces continuous energy bremsstrahlung spectrum. For the photon therapy, the 1233 and 3327 amp-turn, in an optimized design produces 3616 and 7785 Gauss of magnetic field at median plane require to bend 6.5 and 15.5 MeV energy of electron, respectively, which further produces bremsstrahlung radiation from Tungsten target