Global production methods and women employment in garment units of Mumbai Metropolitan Region

Production in the garment unit is depending on technology, efficiency and skills of workers. If the labors are young and more educated then they adjust with flexible production methods. The garment export units are following global standard methods of production and they provide the various production related facilities to workers. In Mumbai metropolitan region, export related units are more competitive as compare to the domestic garment units. The monthly incomes of the women workers are higher in export units. The medical allowances, maternal benefits are also more in such units. The multinomial logit regression model shows that the age of the women workers is higher and statistically significant in domestic and both type of units. The women workers work over time in the both and domestic garment units. The women workers do not have technological knowledge in domestic garment units. The decent work facilities are not provided to the women workers in domestic and both type of units. Technical up-gradation, work facilities and on job training will improve employment of women in domestic garment units in Mumbai metropolitan region.Global production system, Garment units, Decent Work, Export units

An Approach for the Empirical Validation of Software Complexity Measures

Software metrics are widely accepted tools to control and assure software quality. A large number of software metrics with a variety of content can be found in the literature; however most of them are not adopted in industry as they are seen as irrelevant to needs, as they are unsupported, and the major reason behind this is due to improper empirical validation. This paper tries to identify possible root causes for the improper empirical validation of the software metrics. A practical model for the empirical validation of software metrics is proposed along with root causes. The model is validated by applying it to recently proposed and well known metrics

Theoretical Legitimacy of ‘Strategic Entrepreneurship’: How does a firm engage in entrepreneurial exploration as well as strategic consolidation?

Theoretical legitimacy of ‘strategic management’ has not yet been established. This exploratory theoretical paper revisits the connection between entrepreneurship and strategy. Examining data of decisions in two firms across their initial years, one of which sold to a larger buyer and the other did not, this paper attempts to trace the firms’ path in navigating the tension between entrepreneurial exploration necessary for initial growth on the one hand, and strategic direction, on the other, through building efficiency routines necessary for profitable exploitation. Preliminary results and implications are discussed

Delivering light-weight online geographic information analysis using ArcIMS

As of July 9, 2002, more than 300 websites, which provide automated mapping and facilities management over the internet, are registered in the ESRI Internet Map Server (IMS) user registry [1]. But it won’t be an exaggeration to assume that this is only a tiny fraction of the actual number of IMS sold and used over the world. In fact, realising the potential scope and issues of this new form of geographic information delivery, the International Cartographic Association has formed a Commission dedicated to Maps and the Internet [2]. The IMS software has also kept pace with the growing demand and progress in technology. IMS has evolved from the simple HTML image maps to sophisticated servelet-driven mapping services. During this period, a very significant event happened with the arrival of ArcIMS. With the ArcIMS the use of IMS changed from merely an interactive visualisation and query of the spatial databases to a platform for sharing remote spatial databases. In other words, the ArcIMS made the scale of operation of IMS global. While the accessibility and usability of the IMS have certainly increased in the past 5- 6 years, the functionalities provided by IMS however remained fairly static. A widely felt but unreported criticism of IMS has been that the lack of a broader range of spatial analysis functions (except the usual buffering) in the off-the-shelf IMS installation. Therefore a couple of eyebrows always tend to rise if the word “Internet GIS” is used for IMS. Oddly enough, the ArcIMS 3.x and the older versions carry this limitation as well. Essentially, IMS suffer from the limitation for not being able to allow simultaneous update and dynamic manipulation of the thematic content of the online maps. For example, in the case of ArcIMS while there are provisions for complex scale-dependent rendering, it is not easily possible to manipulate (for example add layers or delete layers) the crucial axl file of a mapping service on the fly. The recent launch of ArcIMS 4 promises to bridge this gap by allowing an enhanced integration with the ArcGIS. The aim of this article is to propose a generic framework, which makes the link between an IMS and a standard GIS, to provide geographic analysis in online maps. We will take the example of such a framework developed for ArcIMS

Qualitative inequalities for squared partial correlations of a Gaussian random vector

We describe various sets of conditional independence relationships, sufficient for qualitatively comparing non-vanishing squared partial correlations of a Gaussian random vector. These sufficient conditions are satisfied by several graphical Markov models. Rules for comparing degree of association among the vertices of such Gaussian graphical models are also developed. We apply these rules to compare conditional dependencies on Gaussian trees. In particular for trees, we show that such dependence can be completely characterized by the length of the paths joining the dependent vertices to each other and to the vertices conditioned on. We also apply our results to postulate rules for model selection for polytree models. Our rules apply to mutual information of Gaussian random vectors as well.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figure