Biocoagulation of Dried Algae Chlorella sp. and Pellets of Aspergillus Niger in Decontamination Process of Wastewater, as a Presumed Source of Biofuel

The removal of microalgae represents a problematic part of the water decontamination process, in which most techniques are expensive and non-ecological. In the paper, we focus on the synergistic relationship between microscopic filamentous fungi and algal culture. In the process of decontamination of a model sample containing ammonium ions, efficient biocoagulation, resp. co-pelletization of dried algae Chlorella sp. and Aspergillus niger sensu stricto are shown. The microscopic filamentous fungus species A. niger was added to a culture of an algal suspension of Chlorella sp., where the adhesion of the algal cells to the fungi subsequently occurred due to the electrostatic effect of the interaction, while the flocculation activity was approximately 70 to 80%. The algal cells adhered to the surface of the A. niger pellets, making them easily removable from the solution. The ability of filamentous fungi to capture organisms represents a great potential for the biological isolation of microalgae (biocoagulation) from production solutions because microalgae are considered to be a promising renewable source of oil and fermentables for bioenergy. This form of algae removal, or its harvesting, also represents a great low-cost method for collecting algae not only as a way of removing unnecessary material but also for the purpose of producing biofuels. Algae are a robust bioabsorbent for absorbing lipids from the environment, which after treatment can be used as a component of biodiesel. Chemical analyses also presented potential ecological innovation in the area of biofuel production. Energy-efficient and eco-friendly harvesting techniques are crucial to improving the economic viability of algal biofuel production

Responses of Aspergillus niger to selected environmental factors

Four wild type strains of A. niger were collected from soil and stream sediments representing environments with variable level of As, Sb, Al, Fe, Cd, Cu, and Zn contamination. Banská Štiavnica-Šobov (S), Pezinok-Kolársky vrch (P) and Slovinky (Sl) represent contaminated localities. Locality Gabčíkovo (G) was as a control site. The influence of toxic elements in these substrates on fungal growth, colony size, enzymatic activity, production of organic acids and their pelletization in water suspensions with montmorillonite was studied. The aim of our study was to find out how the wild type strains from (contaminated) environment will behave in different model solutions. We also wanted to add some new information in this area of study, because that there is some gap in the available knowledge

Diversity of soil microscopic filamentous fungi in Dystric Cambisol at the Banská Štiavnica – Šobov (Slovakia) locality after application of remediation measures

This paper evaluates the effect of remediation at the site Banska Stiavnica - Sobov, which has been defined as an environmental burden. Remediation at the site, which is located in the protected landscape area Stiavnicke vrchy in central Slovakia, was undertaken 20 years ago. The area has been officially registered as an environmental burden since 1995. Mining activity induced soil pollution, surface and underground water pollution, destruction of vegetation cover and lower biodiversity at this site. To minimise these threats to the environment, remediation interventions took place from 1995 to 1999. The interventions were aimed at reducing acid mine drainage (AMD) from the heap. Measurements of basic chemical properties at the study area confirmed ongoing acidification, with an effect on soil properties. Acidification of the soil environment is also reflected in the composition of microscopic filamentous fungi, with the main domination of Penicillium species (20) and the random presence of Zygomycota species. The finding of the species Penicillium vulpinum and Trichophaea abundans was of interest. A low similarity of mycocoenoses was confirmed between a plot without vegetation cover or with only very rarely tufts of grass and showing a high level of water erosion (S1) and a plot covered with acidophilic plant species (S2). Similarity was higher between a plot without vegetation cover or with only very rarely tufts of grass and showing a high level of water erosion (S1) and a plot covered by compact meadow vegetation (S3), and the highest similarity was between samples from plots S2 and S3. It was also confirmed that the structure of microfungal communities is directly influenced by soil reaction (pH) and is closely linked to the soil type.Web of Science7672131212

Differences in metabolites production using the Biolog FF Microplate™ system with an emphasis on some organic acids of Aspergillus niger wild type strains

This paper investigates the differences in some metabolites using Biolog FF Microplate (TM) system and the production of organic acids such as beta-hydroxybutyric, p-hydroxyphenylacetic, and others. Another group of organic acids such as gluconic, oxalic and citric acid were studied during cultivation in a liquid medium. Four different Aspergillus niger (An) wild type strains were used as a model organism. Three strains, from the Banska Stiavnica - Sobov (An - S), Pezinok (An - P) and Slovinky (An - Sl) localities were isolated from contaminated old mining areas with soil with ultra acidic to strong alkaline reactions. The fourth strain isolated from the Gabcikovovo (An - G) locality was used for comparative purposes. According to the RAMP analysis, the strains are clustered into two groups, An - S and An - P (similarity 82%), An - G and An - Sl (similarity 64%) which correlates with the pH values of the original environment. However, significant differences were found in metabolic processes in the reaction with a wide range of organic acids. In general, the reactions with D-lactic acid and D-malic acid correlate with the results of the RAMP analysis of fungal genotype similarities, the An - S and An - P strains had an identical negative reaction, and an identical positive reaction was found in the An - Sl and An - G strains. During incubation the wild-type strains produced substantial amounts of gluconic acid, oxalic acid and small amounts of citric acid. The appearance and accumulation of organic acids was found to be highly pH dependent with the most active strain isolated from an ultra-acidic environment. The comparative strain differs entirely in the production of oxalic acid.Web of Scienc

Учебная программа для специальности: 1-23 01 12 Музейное дело и охрана историко-культурного наследия (направление культурное наследие и туризм) (3 курс. дневн.)

Учебная программа составлена на основе учебной программы дисциплины «История музейного дела», утверждена 16.10.2011 г., регистрационный № УД – 4904/ баз