Datenschutz-Folgenabschätzung: Chancen, Grenzen, Umsetzung

With the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) there will be a legal obligation for controllers to conduct a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) for the first time. This paper examines the new provisions in detail and examines ways for their implementation. A special focus is on elements which, according to experience, can be problematic and how they can be addressed

Cytotoxicity and Gene Expression in Sarcoma 180 Cells in Response to Spiky Magnetoplasmonic Supraparticles

Multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) have been designed for a variety of cell imaging and therapeutic applications, and the study of their cellular interactions is crucial to the development of more efficient biomedical applications. Among current nanomaterials, concave core–shell NPs with complex angled geometries are attractive owing to their unique shape-dependent optical and physical properties as well as different tendency for cell interaction. In this study, we investigated the morphology effect of spiky gold-coated iron oxide supraparticles (Fe₃O₄@Au SPs) on cytotoxicity and global gene expression in sarcoma 180 cells. Cells treated for 7 days with spiky supraparticles (SPs) at concentrations up to 50 μg/mL showed >90% viability, indicating that these NPs were nontoxic. To shed light on the differences in cytotoxicity, we monitored the expression of 33 315 genes using microarray analysis of SP-treated cells. The 171 up-regulated genes and 181 down-regulated genes in spiky SP-treated cells included <i>Il1b</i>, <i>Spp1</i>, <i>Il18</i>, <i>Rbp4</i>, and <i>Il11ra1</i>, where these genes are mainly involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. These results suggested that the spiky Fe₃O₄@Au SPs can induce noncytotoxicity and gene expression in tumor cells, which may be a promising cornerstone on which to base related research such as cyto-/genotoxicology of nanomaterials or the design of nanoscale drug carriers

Magnetic Nanozyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Ultrasensitive Influenza A Virus Detection

Rapid and sensitive detection of influenza virus is of soaring importance to prevent further spread of infections and adequate clinical treatment. Herein, an ultrasensitive colorimetric assay called magnetic nano­(e)­zyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MagLISA) is suggested, in which silica-shelled magnetic nanobeads (MagNBs) and gold nanoparticles are combined to monitor influenza A virus up to femtogram per milliliter concentration. Two essential strategies for ultrasensitive sensing are designed, i.e., facile target separation by MagNBs and signal amplification by the enzymelike activity of gold nanozymes (AuNZs). The enzymelike activity was experimentally and computationally evaluated, where the catalyticity of AuNZ was tremendously stronger than that of normal biological enzymes. In the spiked test, a straightforward linearity was presented in the range of 5.0 × 10^–15–5.0 × 10^–6g·mL^–1 in detecting the influenza virus A (New Caledonia/20/1999) (H1N1). The detection limit is up to 5.0 × 10^–12 g·mL^–1 only by human eyes, as well as up to 44.2 × 10^–15 g·mL^–1 by a microplate reader, which is the lowest record to monitor influenza virus using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based technology as far as we know. Clinically isolated human serum samples were successfully observed at the detection limit of 2.6 PFU·mL^–1. This novel MagLISA demonstrates, therefore, a robust sensing platform possessing the advances of fathomable sample separation, enrichment, ultrasensitive readout, and anti-interference ability may reduce the spread of influenza virus and provide immediate clinical treatment