Food Science & Technology - Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Tech

Not AvailableIn the current study, probiotic L. acidophilus La-05?cell pellets were incorporated into buffalo milk Ricotta matrix. The compositional, colour, textural and sensorial parameters of control and probiotic Ricotta cheese were statistically non-significant (P?<?0.05). The respective moisture, fat, protein, lactose and ash content of PRC was 75%, 6.41%, 11.88%, 4.88% and 1.86% with L. acidophilus La-05 count 7.8 ? 0.2 log CFU/g of product. The L*, a* and b* values of PRC were 81.48, ?1.70 and 9.55, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that Ricotta cheese matrix mainly consists of protein network, the particles of coagulated whey proteins were inter-connected, and casein appeared as small clusters. The probiotic organism was embedded into protein matrix, which may provide an added protection to organisms. Descriptive sensory analysis characterized PRC as white, shiny, consistent in terms of color and uniform in terms of appearance with a flat flavour. Overall, the product got high overall acceptability (9.0 out of 10 scales) scores. The principal component analysis revealed four principal components of 18 sensory data explaining 92.433% of the total variance of study

Food Science & Technology - Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Tech

Not AvailablePlasmin is one of the most important proteolytic enzymes present in cheese. This study envisaged evaluation of the effect of change in heat treatment on plasmin system and consequent effect on formation of antioxidative and ACE-inhibitory peptides. Cheddar cheese of different heating temperature (72, 75 and 78 ?C for 15 s) were studied for plasmin activity, plasminogen activity, antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH), ACE-inhibitory activity during ripening period of four months. Plasmin and plasminogen activities were non-significantly affected by heating temperature. Antioxidant activity & ACE-inhibitory activity were significantly affected by heat treatment. Anti-oxidant activity was observed to be highest (22% DPPH scavenging activity & 85.95% ABTS inhibition) for combination of 72 ?C & 60 days of ripening. ACE-inhibitory activity was highest (92.49% ACE-inhibition) in Cheddar cheese of 72 ?C heated milk at 30th day of ripening. It was concluded that 72 ?C heat treated Cheddar cheese had comparably higher increase in plasmin activity during ripening. Faster proteolysis was observed in Cheddar cheese prepared by 72 ?C heated milk with highest anti-oxidant activity (at 60th day) and ACE-inhibitory activity (at 30th day) during ripening. The study returned a possible set of heating temperature and ripening length for achieving the highest bio-functional properties in Cheddar cheese

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Not AvailableFood packaging is an external means of preservation during storage, transportation and distribution. Hence, it forms an integral part of the product manufacturing process as well as supply chain management system. Supply and distribution of high quality milk and milk products is important not only for marketing but also for nutritional security of consumers. With growing awareness, towards health and nutrition, appropriate packaging has become utmost important. Recently, innovative packaging concepts have been introduced to supply fresh and healthy dairy and food products for retail marketing. Innovative systems like modified atmosphere, active, intelligent packaging, etc. and their role in improving dairy product supply chain have been presented in this article. Among them active and intelligent packaging systems can contribute significantly for maintaining dairy supply chain and providing real-time information regarding the product quality.Not Availabl

Development and Validation of Flaxseed Lignan-Enriched Set-Type Fermented Milk to Manage Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

A functional set dahi (fermented milk analogous to yoghurt) with a desirable probiotic (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A5) count of 9.36 log CFU/mL and excellent techno-functional attributes (DPPH: 41.95% RSA, firmness: 485.49 g, sensory overall acceptability: 8.51) was developed to contain 260 mg of SDG in 20 g of dahi. Twenty-four female Albino Wistar rats (3 months old, >180 g) were ovariectomized (OVX) and divided into three groups: OVX control, OVX and control dahi, and OVX and SDG-enriched dahi. The animal study found that ovariectomy decreased serum calcium, oestrogen, and bone ash calcium levels by 32.27, 30.95, and 48.46 percent, respectively, compared to the sham group (n = 8), while daily administration of SDG-enriched dahi (20 g) for eight weeks restored them. The proximal tibial metaphysis and distal femoral epiphysis micro-CT study showed that the ovariectomy lowered bone mineral density (BMD) by 11.06% and 9.18%, respectively, and lowered Trabecular thickness (Tb. Th) by 12.66% and 11.86%, respectively, while increasing Trabecular separation (Tb. Sp.) by 90.69% and 87.70%, respectively, compared to the sham control-group rats. SDG-enriched dahi improved BMD by 16.06 and 12.24% and Tb. Th by 35.32 and 19.62%, respectively, and decreased Tb. Sp by 47.04 and 47.22%, respectively, in OVX rats. The results suggest that the developed set dahi may help treat postmenopausal osteoporosis

Patients' preference for integrating homeopathy (PPIH) within the standard therapy settings in West Bengal, India: The part 1 (PPIH-1) study

There is lack of studies assessing the preference of Indian patients for integration of homeopathy into standard therapy settings. The objectives of this study were to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of homeopathy among Indian patients already availing homeopathy treatment and its integration into mainstream healthcare. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adult patients attending the out-patients of the four government homeopathic hospitals in West Bengal, India. A self-administered 24-items questionnaire in local vernacular Bengali was developed and administered to the patients. A total of 1352 patients' responses were included in the current analysis. 40% patients thought that homeopathic medicines can be used along with standard therapy. 32.5% thought that homeopathic medicines might cause side effects, while only 13.3% believed that those might interact with other medications. Patients' knowledge ranged between 25.1 and 76.5% regarding regulations of practicing and safety of homeopathic medicine in India and abroad; while positive attitude towards the same ranged between 25.4 and 88.5%. 88.6% of the patients had favorable attitude toward integrated services. 68.2% of the patients used homeopathic medicines in any acute or chronic illness for themselves and 76.6% for their children. Preference for integrated services was significantly associated with better knowledge (P = 0.002), positive attitudes toward safety and regulations (P < 0.0001), and integration (P < 0.0001), but not with the level of practice (P = 0.515). A favorable attitude toward integrating homeopathy into conventional healthcare settings was obtained among the patients attending the homeopathic hospitals in West Bengal, India

Molecular diversity in several pyridyl based Cu(II) complexes: biophysical interaction and redox triggered fluorescence switch

Variation of pyridyl based receptors around a Cu(II) center results in structural diversity allowing redox triggered Cu(II)/Cu(I) fluorescence switch for intracellular Cu(I) imaging. Single crystal X-ray structures of 2-hydroxy-6-methylnicotinic acid (L1), its mono nuclear Cu(II) complex, viz. [Cu(L1)(2)(H2O)(SO4)]center dot 2H(2)O (C1a), polymeric Cu(II) complex (C1b) and a dinuclear Cu(II) complex of 2-(naphthalen-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)nicotinic acid (L4), viz. [Cu-2(L4)(4)(H2O)(2)]center dot 1.12H(2)O (C4) with a Cu-Cu distance of 2.6028(7) angstrom are reported. Moreover, C1a interacts with calf thymus DNA, which is useful for disruption of normal DNA activity with plausible applications in biology (binding constant, K' = 1.56 x 10(4)). Chemical or electrochemical reduction of C1a generates a fluorescent Cu(I) complex. The lowest detection limit of L1 for Cu(I) is 50 mu M. The association constant of L1 for Cu+ is 7.09 x 10(2). Quenching constants of Cu(II) for L1, L2, L3 and L4 are 4 x 10(5), 4.2 x 10(6), 8.9 x 10(5) and 4.4 x 10(6), respectively. The magnetic behavior of C1b indicates a ferromagnetic one-dimensional solid

Combinatorial Library Enumeration and Lead Hopping using Comparative Interaction Fingerprint Analysis and Classical 2D QSAR Methods for Seeking Novel GABAA r3 Modulators

Selective modulators of GABAA R3 (gamma amino butyric acid R3) receptor are known to alleviate the side effects associated with nonspecific modulators. A follow up study was undertaken on a series of functionally selective phthalazines with an ideological credo of identifying more potent isofunctional chemotypes. A bioisosteric database enumerated using the combichem approach endorsed mining in a lead-like chemical space. Primary screening of the massive library was undertaken using the “Miscreen” toolkit, which uses sophisticated bayesian statistics for calculating bioactivity score. The resulting subset, thus, obtained was mined using a novel proteo-chemometric method that integrates molecular docking and QSAR formalism termed CoIFA (comparative interaction fingerprint analysis). CoIFA encodes protein-ligand interaction terms as propensity values based on a statistical inference to construct categorical QSAR models that assist in decision making during virtual screening. In the absence of an experimentally resolved structure of GABAA R3 receptor, standard comparative modeling techniques were employed to construct a homology model of GABAA R3 receptor. A typical docking study was then carried out on the modeled structure, and the interaction fingerprints generated based on the docked binding mode were used to derive propensity values for the interacting atom pairs that served as pseudo-energy variables to generate a CoIFA model. The classification accuracy of the CoIFA model was validated using different metrics derived from a confusion matrix. Further predictive lead mining was carried out using a consensus two-dimensional QSAR approach, which offers a better predictive protocol compared to the arbitrary choice of a single QSAR model. The predictive ability of the generated model was validated using different statistical metrics, and similarity-based coverage estimation was carried out to define applicability boundaries. Few analogs designed using the concept of bioisosterism were found to be promising and could be considered for synthesis and subsequent screening