Can Language Models Laugh at YouTube Short-form Videos?

As short-form funny videos on social networks are gaining popularity, it becomes demanding for AI models to understand them for better communication with humans. Unfortunately, previous video humor datasets target specific domains, such as speeches or sitcoms, and mostly focus on verbal cues. We curate a user-generated dataset of 10K multimodal funny videos from YouTube, called ExFunTube. Using a video filtering pipeline with GPT-3.5, we verify both verbal and visual elements contributing to humor. After filtering, we annotate each video with timestamps and text explanations for funny moments. Our ExFunTube is unique over existing datasets in that our videos cover a wide range of domains with various types of humor that necessitate a multimodal understanding of the content. Also, we develop a zero-shot video-to-text prompting to maximize video humor understanding of large language models (LLMs). With three different evaluation methods using automatic scores, rationale quality experiments, and human evaluations, we show that our prompting significantly improves LLMs' ability for humor explanation.Comment: EMNLP 202

Particle-filter-based fault diagnosis for the startup process of an open-cycle liquid-propellant rocket engine

This study introduces a fault diagnosis algorithm based on particle filtering for open-cycle liquid-propellant rocket engines (LPREs). The algorithm serves as a model-based method for the startup process, accounting for more than 30% of engine failures. Similar to the previous fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) algorithm for the startup process, the algorithm in this study is composed of a nonlinear filter to generate residuals, a residual analysis, and a multiple-model (MM) approach to detect and diagnose faults from the residuals. In contrast to the previous study, this study makes use of the modified cumulative sum (CUSUM) algorithm, widely used in change-detection monitoring, and a particle filter (PF), which is theoretically the most accurate nonlinear filter. The algorithm is confirmed numerically using the CUSUM and MM methods. Subsequently, the FDD algorithm is compared with an algorithm from a previous study using a Monte Carlo simulation. Through a comparative analysis of algorithmic performance, this study demonstrates that the current PF-based FDD algorithm outperforms the algorithm based on other nonlinear filters.This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (No. RS-2022-00164702)

Integrated Rocket Simulation of Internal and External Flow Dynamics in an e-Science Environment

The internal and external flowfield variation of a launch vehicle has been simulated in an e-Science environment. To analyze the igniting process of a solid-rocket propellant, a fluid-structure interaction code has been developed using an ALE (arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) kinematical description and a staggered fluid-structure interaction algorithm. Also, unsteady motion of a detached rocket booster has been predicted by using an external flow analysis with an aerodynamic-dynamic coupled solver. A Korean e-Science environment designed for aerospace engineering, e-AIRS [15], supplies a user-friendly interface for such individual work and it can advance to an integrated rocket simulation of internal combustion and external flow variation by controlling the execution and data flow of two flow solvers. As a consequence, e-Science facilitates multi-disciplinary collaborative research, and makes individual work more convenient.The current work is a product of the Korea National e-Science project. The authors are grateful to the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information for their financial support. Also, the authors appreciate the financial supports provided by NSL(National Space Lab.) program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Grant 20090091724) and the authors are grateful to the Agency for Defence Development for financial support on solid-rocket propellant research.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2009-01/102/0000004648/4SEQ:4PERF_CD:SNU2009-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000004648ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A001138DEPT_CD:446CITE_RATE:1.2FILENAME:article.pdfDEPT_NM:기계항공공학부EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YCONFIRM:

Comparison of anti-oxidant activities of seventy herbs that have been used in Korean traditional medicine

Many herbs have been used as therapeutics in Korean traditional medicine. In view of their clinical indications, anti-oxidant activity may contribute to their pharmacological effects. However, anti-oxidant information on these plants has not been available. In this study, seventy herbs which have been used in Korean traditional medicine were selected and screened for anti-oxidant activity using their water extracts. The anti-oxidant activity was assessed by their ability to inhibit three oxidation reactions; luminol/Fenton reagent, 2, 7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCHF)/Fenton reagent and DCHF/peroxynitrite. In each assay, 70 herbs were divided into two groups; anti-oxidant group which inhibited the respective oxidation reaction and was majority (about 60 herbs), and pro-oxidant group which enhanced the oxidation reaction but was minority (more or less 10 herbs). When the herbs were listed in the order of their anti-oxidant strength, the orders obtained from each assay were found to be quite similar. The upper top rankers (more or less 10 herbs) in each assay showed strong activity compared to the others. The uppermost rankers in each assay were Rubus coreanus Miquel/ Rubus schizostylus, Schisandra chinensis Baillon/ Schizandra chinensis and Terminalia chebula Retzius/ Terminalia chebula. Of the pro-oxidant herbs, about 4-5 herbs were strongly pro-oxidant, which enhanced the control oxidation reactions to 150-300%. But the meaning of this observation is not known since few of them in one assay were also anti-oxidant in other assays. The results obtained in the present study may serve as information for understanding pharmacological effects of these herbs and developing new drugs from them

Unveiling the Role of PEO-Capped TiO2 Nanofiller in Stabilizing the Anode Interface in Lithium Metal Batteries

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) will be a breakthrough in automotive applications, but they require the development of next generation solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) to stabilize the anode interface. Polymer-in-ceramic PEO/TiO2 nanocomposite SSEs show outstanding properties, allowing unprecedented LMBs durability and self-healing capabilities. However, the mechanism underlying the inhibition/delay of dendrite growth is not well understood. In fact, the inorganic phase could act as both a chemical and a mechanical barrier to dendrite propagation. Combining advanced in situ and ex situ experimental techniques, we demonstrate that oligo(ethylene oxide)-capped TiO2, although chemically inert toward lithium metal, imparts SSE with mechanical and dynamical properties particularly favorable for application. The self healing characteristics are due to the interplay between mechanical robustness and high local polymer mobility which promotes the disruption of the electric continuity of the lithium dendrites (razor effect)

VnD: a structure-centric database of disease-related SNPs and drugs

Numerous genetic variations have been found to be related to human diseases. Significant portion of those affect the drug response as well by changing the protein structure and function. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the trilateral relationship among genomic variations, diseases and drugs. We present the variations and drugs (VnD), a consolidated database containing information on diseases, related genes and genetic variations, protein structures and drug information. VnD was built in three steps. First, we integrated various resources systematically to deduce catalogs of disease-related genes, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), protein mutations and relevant drugs. VnD contains 137 195 disease-related gene records (13 940 distinct genes) and 16 586 genetic variation records (1790 distinct variations). Next, we carried out structure modeling and docking simulation for wild-type and mutant proteins to examine the structural and functional consequences of non-synonymous SNPs in the drug-related genes. Conformational changes in 590 wild-type and 4437 mutant proteins from drug-related genes were included in our database. Finally, we investigated the structural and biochemical properties relevant to drug binding such as the distribution of SNPs in proximal protein pockets, thermo-chemical stability, interactions with drugs and physico-chemical properties. The VnD database, available at http://vnd.kobic.re.kr:8080/VnD/ or vandd.org, would be a useful platform for researchers studying the underlying mechanism for association among genetic variations, diseases and drugs

Understanding a water-soluble catechol-functionalized binder for Si anodes by in situ observation

School of Energy and Chemical Engineering (Battery Science and Technology)clos

Blast Hole Pressure Measurement and a Full-Scale Blasting Experiment in Hard Rock Quarry Mine Using Shock-Reactive Stemming Materials

By increasing the effectiveness of the energy generated by the explosive charge inserted into a blast hole, stemming increases rock fragmentation. Missing or improper stemming, which can lead to the detonation gas escaping from the blast hole in advance, results not only in the waste of explosive energy and poor fragmentation but also in environmental problems, such as ground vibration, noise, flying rocks, back breaks, and air blasts. In this study, a stemming material based on a shear thickening fluid (STF) that reacts to dynamic pressure was developed. Two blasting experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the STF-based stemming material. In the first experiment, the pressure inside the blast hole was directly measured based on the application of the stemming material. In the second experiment, full-scale bench blasting was performed, and the blasting results of sand stemming and the STF-based stemming cases were compared. The measurement results of the pressure in the blast hole showed that when the STF-based stemming material was applied, the pressure at the top of the blast hole was lower than in the sand stemming case, and the stemming ejection was also lower. Full-scale bench blasting was conducted to compare the two types of stemming materials by evaluating the size of the rock fragments using image processing. The results of the two blasting experiments helped to verify that the blockage performance of the STF-based stemming material in the blast hole was superior to that of the sand stemming material

Study on Optimum Power Take-Off Torque of an Asymmetric Wave Energy Converter in Western Sea of Jeju Island

This study primarily investigates an optimum energy conversion efficiency of asymmetric wave energy converter (WEC). A power take-off (PTO) system that provides a constant load torque opposite to pitch motion was implemented. Incident wave conditions were selected based on the measured data in the western sea of Jeju Island, South Korea. An optimum torque was calculated by comparing the time-averaged extracted power with various PTO load torque. InterDyMFoam solver based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were used in an OpenFOAM v4.0 framework—an open-source computational fluid dynamics model—against the experimental results derived from the wave flume. The upward pitch excursion was induced by wave force due to the asymmetric WEC characteristics; however, the downward pitch excursion depends on its weight. Numerically, the PTO torque was only loaded in uni-direction against the upward pitch motion. Moreover, the optimum PTO torque was estimated by comparing the time-averaged extracted power. Finally, the optimum PTO torque was evaluated by an irregular wave as a function of significant wave height. The optimum PTO provides design information about the asymmetric wave energy converter to improve energy conversion efficiency