13 research outputs found
Growth of 2D ZnO Nanowall for Energy Harvesting Application
Here we report a novel and facile way to grow the vertically aligned
ZnO nanowall on both sides of the flexible substrate through low-
temperature, cost-effective hydrothermal method and their application
toward energy harvesting application. The fabricated nanogenerator
device structure consists of a ZnO nanowall structure on the both
sides of the flexible substrates covered with polyÂ(methyl methacrylate),
and gold (Au) coating on both sides acts as an electrode. The fabricated
nanowall nanogenerator produces the maximum output voltage and current
of 2.5 V and 80 nA respectively, with maximum power output of 0.2 μW·cm<sup>–2</sup>, when folding the device through the finger. Furthermore,
we studied the performance of the nanogenerator device with different
load resistance. The voltage and current were linearly varied with
the load resistance. The maximum power output (37.7 nW·cm<sup>–2</sup>) was measured at load resistance of 75 MΩ.
The fabricated device showed the capability by driving a commercial
green LED and LCD with the help of the capacitor. The experimental
results confirmed the ZnO nanowall as a good candidate for energy
harvesting application
Exalted Electric Output via Piezoelectric–Triboelectric Coupling/Sustainable Butterfly Wing Structure Type Multiunit Hybrid Nanogenerator
The
scalable synthesis of an irregular composite surface impregnated
with high-performance piezoelectric 0.3Ba<sub>0.7</sub>Ca<sub>0.3</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>–0.7BaSn<sub>0.12</sub>Ti<sub>0.88</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles (0.3BCT–0.7BST NPs) for enhancing the
power density of hybrid nanogenerators (H-NGs) using a contact–separation
structure is reported for the first time. The designed high-performance
butterfly wing structure type multiunit system, consisting of four
simple arc-shaped H-NGs, has dual functionality as a stand-alone power
source for light-emitting diodes and charging Li coin cells and as
a self-powered air pressure sensor. Manyfold increments of the open-circuit
voltage (<i>V</i><sub>OC(p–p)</sub> = 572 V) and
short-circuit current (<i>I</i><sub>SC(p–p)</sub> = 1.752 mA) were observed for H-NG with an irregular surface compared
with a piezoelectric nanogenerator (P-NG) (<i>V</i><sub>OC(p–p)</sub> = 53 V, <i>I</i><sub>SC(p–p)</sub> = 2.366 μA). Compared with the power density of a flat surface
based H-NG (333 W/m<sup>2</sup>), the power density of a single arc-shaped
H-NG with an irregular surface was 4-fold higher at 1336 W/m<sup>2</sup>, and that with a micropillar surface was twice as high (632 W/m<sup>2</sup>). A high functional property of fillers along with polydimethylsiloxane
matrix improves the surface charge density of the composite film.
The surface charge density of the H-NG was greatly influenced by the
distance between the active layers, micropores, thickness, relative
permittivity, and applied force
Flexible, Hybrid Piezoelectric Film (BaTi<sub>(1–<i>x</i>)</sub>Zr<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>3</sub>)/PVDF Nanogenerator as a Self-Powered Fluid Velocity Sensor
We demonstrate a flexible piezoelectric
nanogenerator (PNG) constructed using a hybrid (or composite) film
composed of highly crystalline BaTi<sub>(1–<i>x</i>)</sub>Zr<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>3</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanocubes (abbreviated as BTZO) synthesized
using a molten-salt process embedded into a polyÂ(vinylidene fluoride)
(PVDF) matrix solution via ultrasonication. The potential of a BTZO/PVDF
hybrid film is realized in fabricating eco-friendly devices, active
sensors, and flexible nanogenerators to interpret its functionality.
Our strategy is based on the incorporation of various Zr<sup>4+</sup> doping ratios into the Ti<sup>4+</sup> site of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> nanocubes to enhance the performance of the PNG. The flexible nanogenerator
(BTZO/PVDF) exhibits a high electrical output up to ∼11.9 V
and ∼1.35 μA compared to the nanogenerator (BTO/PVDF)
output of 7.99 V and 1.01 μA upon the application of cyclic
pushing-releasing frequencies with a constant load (11 N). We also
demonstrate another exciting application of the PNG as a self-powered
sensor to measure different water velocities at an outlet pipe. The
average maximum peak power of the PNG varies from 0.2 to 15.8 nW for
water velocities ranging from 31.43 to 125.7 m/s during the water
ON condition. This study shows the compositional dependence approach,
fabrication of nanostructures for energy harvesting, and self-powered
devices in the field of monitoring for remote area applications
Self-Induced Gate Dielectric for Graphene Field-Effect Transistor
We
report the electronic characteristics of an avant-garde graphene-field-effect
transistor (G-FETs) based on ZnO microwire as top-gate electrode with
self-induced dielectric layer. Surface-adsorbed oxygen is wrapped
up the ZnO microwire to provide high electrostatic gate-channel capacitance.
This nonconventional device structure yields an on-current of 175
μA, on/off current ratio of 55, and a device mobility exceeding
1630 cm<sup>2</sup>/(V s) for holes and 1240 cm<sup>2</sup>/(V s)
for electrons at room temperature. Self-induced gate dielectric process
prevents G-FETs from impurity doping and defect formation in graphene
lattice and facilitates the lithographic process. Performance degradation
of G-FETs can be overcome by this avant-garde device structure
Battery-Free Electronic Smart Toys: A Step toward the Commercialization of Sustainable Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Next-generation
toys are designed to entertain and interact with
children. Such toys need a power source, generally a battery that
must be replaced frequently, leading to increased maintenance costs.
Recently, an innovative biomechanical energy harvester called a triboelectric
nanogenerator (TENG) was introduced as an eco-friendly generator that
scavenges waste energy. Here, in a step toward the commercialization
of TENG devices, we present a novel approach that uses TENG technology
to develop battery-free electronic smart toys. This robust, eco-friendly,
and cost-effective approach for harnessing biomechanical energy can
transform a traditional toy into a smart toy. With this innovative
idea, we developed a smart clapping toy (SCT-TENG) and a smart duck
toy (SDT-TENG) using biocompatible materials. We employed a simple
inbuilt circuit with light-emitting diodes that are powered using
biomechanical energy. The SCT-TENG and SDT-TENG exhibited output voltages
of 65 V<sub>p‑p</sub> and 260 V<sub>p‑p</sub>, respectively.
We believe that the use of TENG technology for battery-free electronic
smart toys opens up new possibilities for the commercialization of
TENGs and the field of battery-free smart toys
Battery-Free Electronic Smart Toys: A Step toward the Commercialization of Sustainable Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Next-generation
toys are designed to entertain and interact with
children. Such toys need a power source, generally a battery that
must be replaced frequently, leading to increased maintenance costs.
Recently, an innovative biomechanical energy harvester called a triboelectric
nanogenerator (TENG) was introduced as an eco-friendly generator that
scavenges waste energy. Here, in a step toward the commercialization
of TENG devices, we present a novel approach that uses TENG technology
to develop battery-free electronic smart toys. This robust, eco-friendly,
and cost-effective approach for harnessing biomechanical energy can
transform a traditional toy into a smart toy. With this innovative
idea, we developed a smart clapping toy (SCT-TENG) and a smart duck
toy (SDT-TENG) using biocompatible materials. We employed a simple
inbuilt circuit with light-emitting diodes that are powered using
biomechanical energy. The SCT-TENG and SDT-TENG exhibited output voltages
of 65 V<sub>p‑p</sub> and 260 V<sub>p‑p</sub>, respectively.
We believe that the use of TENG technology for battery-free electronic
smart toys opens up new possibilities for the commercialization of
TENGs and the field of battery-free smart toys
Human Interactive Triboelectric Nanogenerator as a Self-Powered Smart Seat
A lightweight,
flexible, cost-effective, and robust, single-electrode-based Smart
Seat–Triboelectric Nanogenerator (SS-TENG) is introduced as
a promising eco-friendly approach for harvesting energy from the living
environment, for use in integrated self-powered systems. An effective
method for harvesting biomechanical energy from human motion such
as walking, running, and sitting, utilizing widely adaptable everyday
contact materials (newspaper, denim, polyethylene covers, and bus
cards) is demonstrated. The working mechanism of the SS-TENG is based
on the generation and transfer of triboelectric charge carriers between
the active layer and user-friendly contact materials. The performance
of SS-TENG (52 V and 5.2 μA for a multiunit SS-TENG) is systematically
studied and demonstrated in a range of applications including a self-powered
passenger seat number indicator and a STOP-indicator using LEDs, using
a simple logical circuit. Harvested energy is used as a direct power
source to drive 60 blue and green commercially available LEDs and
a monochrome LCD. This feasibility study confirms that triboelectric
nanogenerators are a suitable technology for energy harvesting from
human motion during transportation, which could be used to operate
a variety of wireless devices, GPS systems, electronic devices, and
other sensors during travel
Sustainable Biomechanical Energy Scavenger toward Self-Reliant Kids’ Interactive Battery-Free Smart Puzzle
Biomechanical energy is a promising
renewable energy source and,
owing to the demand for portable and smart device power sources, has
attracted the attention of researchers in a wide range of disciplines.
We present a smart puzzle triboelectric nanogenerator (SP-TENG) based
on the contact and separation mode between a surface-modified polydimethylsiloxane
film and a paper contact material. The SP-TENG exhibits a simple structure
(thin and lightweight), with an output voltage of 70 V and a current
of 6.5 μA, which can drive a liquid crystal display at the press
of a finger. A systematic investigation of the SP-TENG demonstrated
it to be a practical energy harvester with the potential to charge
a commercial capacitor and drive a liquid crystal display. The SP-TENG
also acts as an instantaneous force sensor with detection sensitivity
of 2.605 μA kPa<sup>–1</sup>. We fabricated six SP-TENGs
as puzzle pieces and formed a self-powered smart puzzle by connecting
it to a simple logic circuit. This approach improved a simple traditional
puzzle, transforming it into an interactive smart puzzle
Direct In Situ Hybridized Interfacial Quantification to Stimulate Highly Flexile Self-Powered Photodetector
In contrary to the
existing externally powered photodetectors,
a reliable approach for self-powered photodetection is designed for
the first time through an internally integrated concept via coupling
of piezotronic with photonic effects. A flexile self-powered photodetector
(F-SPPD) developed by one-dimensionally grown floral-like F-ZnO nanorods
on a polyÂ(vinylidene difluoride) substrate conjointly performs the
tunability of optical properties through the exploitation of strain-induced
piezoelectric potentials (σ<sup>+</sup>, σ<sup>–</sup>) at the electrode interfaces. The experimental observation showed
an ideal photodetector characteristics with a 1-fold increment in
photoresponsivity (<i>R</i><sub>365nm</sub> ∼ 22.76
mA/W) by lowered Schottky barrier heights (Φ<sub>SB1</sub><sup>T</sup>, Φ<sub>SB2</sub><sup>T</sup>) through externally governed
tensile strain (+ε). Further, the self-powered operation mode
of F-SPPD exhibited higher spectral sensitivity (5.69 mA/(W cm<sup>–2</sup>)) than that of the photodetector (3.47 mA/(W cm<sup>–2</sup>)) operated under unstrained condition. This work
effectively brings in the direct integration ideology of two different
systems into a single module toward the downscaling of device size
and weight
Human Interactive Triboelectric Nanogenerator as a Self-Powered Smart Seat
A lightweight,
flexible, cost-effective, and robust, single-electrode-based Smart
Seat–Triboelectric Nanogenerator (SS-TENG) is introduced as
a promising eco-friendly approach for harvesting energy from the living
environment, for use in integrated self-powered systems. An effective
method for harvesting biomechanical energy from human motion such
as walking, running, and sitting, utilizing widely adaptable everyday
contact materials (newspaper, denim, polyethylene covers, and bus
cards) is demonstrated. The working mechanism of the SS-TENG is based
on the generation and transfer of triboelectric charge carriers between
the active layer and user-friendly contact materials. The performance
of SS-TENG (52 V and 5.2 μA for a multiunit SS-TENG) is systematically
studied and demonstrated in a range of applications including a self-powered
passenger seat number indicator and a STOP-indicator using LEDs, using
a simple logical circuit. Harvested energy is used as a direct power
source to drive 60 blue and green commercially available LEDs and
a monochrome LCD. This feasibility study confirms that triboelectric
nanogenerators are a suitable technology for energy harvesting from
human motion during transportation, which could be used to operate
a variety of wireless devices, GPS systems, electronic devices, and
other sensors during travel