Multiple linear regression analysis between plasma α-klotho levels and other parameters in patients with diabetes (<i>n</i> = 147).

<p>ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ACR, albumin creatinine ratio; PCR, protein creatinine ratio. *Log transformed data before analysis.</p

Correlations between plasma α-klotho levels and other parameters in patients with diabetes (n = 147).

<p>SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR, albumin creatinine ratio; PCR, protein creatinine ratio. *Log transformed data before analysis, <i>r:</i> Pearson correlation coefficient.</p

Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of non-diabetic control subjects and type 2 diabetic patients.

<p>Values are mean ± SD, number of patients (%), median (interquartile range), and geometric means (95% CI) unless otherwise indicated. DM, diabetes mellitus; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate. *<i>P</i>-values were calculated using log-transformed values. ^†<i>P</i>-values were calculated by Student's <i>t</i>-test, Mann-Whitney u-test or Pearson <i>χ²</i> test where appropriate.</p

Baseline clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes according to albuminuria status.

<p>Values are mean ± SD, number of patients (%), median (interquartile range), and geometric means (95% CI) unless otherwise indicated. DR, diabetic retinopathy; DN, diabetic neuropathy; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; TB, total bilirubin; DB, direct bilirubin; UA, uric acid; Ca, calcium; P, phosphorous; Scr, serum creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; ACR, Urine albumin creatinine ratio; PCR, Urine protein creatinine ratio. *<i>P</i>-values were calculated using log-transformed values. ^†<i>P</i>-values were calculated by ANOVA or Pearson <i>χ²</i> test where appropriate. The same superscripted letters indicate statistical significance according to Tukey's multiple comparison test.</p

Plasma (A,B) and urine (C,D) levels of soluble α-klotho in normal participants (<i>n</i> = 25) and patients with type 2 diabetes (<i>n</i> = 147).

<p>Plasma and urine α-klotho levels were higher in diabetes patients with relatively preserved renal function than the non-diabetic controls (A,C). The diabetes patients were categorized into 3 groups according to urine ACR: ACR <30 mg/g creatinine (normoalbuminuria group, <i>n</i> = 75), ACR 30–299 mg/g creatinine (microalbuminuria group, <i>n</i> = 42), and ACR ≥300 mg/g creatinine (macroalbuminuria group, <i>n</i> = 30). Plasma α-klotho levels decreased in proportion to urinary albumin excretion, although urinary α-klotho levels were stable with increasing urinary albumin excretion (B,D). Data of non-diabetic control are expressed as a shaded area for the reference (B, D). Data are presented as geometric means and 95% CIs as an error bar plot. <i>P</i>-values calculated using the log-transformed values are shown in the graph. normo; normoalbuminuria, micro; microalbuminuria, macro; macroalbuminuria.</p

Baseline characteristics stratified by mortality at 30 days after ICU admission (n = 341).

<p>Baseline characteristics stratified by mortality at 30 days after ICU admission (n = 341).</p

Kaplan-Meier survival estimate by %FOtotal ≥ 10% or < 10% in the sepsis group (n = 201) and the non-sepsis group (n = 140).

<p>In the sepsis group, there was a significant difference in survival among patients with %FOtotal ≥ 10% or < 10% (<i>P</i> < 0.001). However, in the non-sepsis group, there was no difference in survival (<i>P</i> = 0.56). %FOtotal = percentage of total fluid overload from baseline body weight from 3 days before CRRT initiation to ICU discharge. ICU = intensive care unit.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival estimates by fluid overload status (n = 341).

<p>There was a significant difference in survival among patients with %FOtotal ≥ 10% (n = 124) or < 10% (n = 217) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). %FOtotal = percentage of total fluid overload from baseline body weight from 3 days before CRRT initiation to ICU discharge. ICU = intensive care unit.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival estimate and 30-day mortality among the 4 groups categorized by %FOpreCRRT and %FOtotal.

<p>There was a significant difference in survival among the 4 groups (<i>P</i> < 0.001). 30-day mortality was the highest in Group 4, followed by Group 3, Group 2, and Group 1 (78.8% vs. 62.6% vs. 51.1% vs. 44.1%; <i>P</i> value for the linear trend < 0.001). Group 1: n = 170, %FOpreCRRT < 10% and %FOtotal < 10%; Group 2: n = 47, %FOpreCRRT ≥ 10% and %FOtotal < 10%; Group 3: n = 91, %FOpreCRRT < 10% and %FOtotal ≥ 10%; and Group 4: n = 33, %FOpreCRRT ≥ 10% and %FOtotal ≥ 10%. %FOpreCRRT = percentage of fluid overload from baseline body weight during 3 days prior to CRRT initiation. %FOtotal = percentage of total fluid overload from baseline body weight from 3 days before CRRT initiation to ICU discharge. ICU = intensive care unit.</p

Univariate analysis for 30-day mortality after ICU admission in all subjects (n = 341).

<p>Univariate analysis for 30-day mortality after ICU admission in all subjects (n = 341).</p