Co-Doping Effect of BiGaO3 and (Bi,Na,K,Li)ZrO3 on Multi-Phase Structure and Piezoelectric Properties of (K,Na)NbO3 Lead-Free Ceramics

The phase boundary structure of (K,Na)NbO3 piezoelectric ceramic was modified by doping with Bi(Na,K,Li)ZrO3 and BiGaO3 through normal solid-state sintering. Rietveld refinements by X-ray diffraction revealed that the Bi(Na,K,Li)ZrO3/BiGaO3 co-doping in (K,Na)NbO3 led to a multi-phase structure at room-temperature, effectively moving the rhombohedral-orthorhombic (R-O) and orthorhombic-tetragonal (O-T) polymorphic phase transition temperatures close to the room temperature region. Increased levels of doping also generated a structural transition, i.e., triphasic R-O-T to diphasic R-T (T-rich) and finally to R-T (R-rich), contributing to shrinkage of the O phase as well as the increase of R phase fraction. A sensitive influence of the BiGaO3 doping (0.001 mole fraction level) on the structural properties such as the phase and microstructure was shown, resulting from the effect of the super-tetragonal structure of BiGaO3. The d33 property was strongly dependent on the phase and its volume fraction, in addition to the grain sizes. Eventually, enhanced and balanced properties of the piezoelectric coefficient and Curie temperature (d33 = 309 pC/N, TC = 343 °C) were obtained when the doped ceramic had a T-rich (86%) R-T structure

Atomic-scale Investigation of Unique Polar-state in Freestanding Single-crystal PZT Nanotubes

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Flexible Piezoelectric Generators by Using the Bending Motion Method of Direct-Grown-PZT Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes

Recently, composite-type nanogenerators (NGs) formed from piezoelectric nanostructures and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have become one of the excellent candidates for future energy harvesting because of their ability to apply the excellent electrical and mechanical properties of CNTs. However, the synthesis of NG devices with a high proportion of piezoelectric materials and a low polymer content, such as of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), continues to be problematic. In this work, high-piezoelectric-material-content flexible films produced from Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT)-atomically-interconnected CNTs and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are presented. Various physical and chemical characterization techniques are employed to examine the morphology and structure of the materials. The direct growth of the piezoelectric material on the CNTs, by stirring the PZT and CNT mixed solution, results in various positive effects, such as a high-quality dispersion in the polymer matrix and addition of flexoelectricity to piezoelectricity, resulting in the enhancement of the output voltage by an external mechanical force. The NGs repeatedly generate an output voltage of 0.15 V. These results present a significant step toward the application of NGs using piezoelectric nanocomposite materials

Effects of Pyrolysis Temperature on Structural, Raman, and Infrared Properties of Perovskite PbTiO3 Nanotubes

In this work, we investigated the effects of the pyrolysis temperature on the structural, Raman, and infrared properties of PbTiO3 nanotubes (PTO-NTs). The PTO-NTs were synthesized by spin coating a sol-gel solution on porous anodic alumina membranes, followed by the pyrolysis step at 400 − 600 ℃. Then, PTO-NTs were finally crystallized at 600 − 700 ℃ in an oxygen atmosphere to get the perovskite phase. The PTO-NTs had an outer diameter of about 420 nm and a wall thickness of about 10 nm. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the tetragonality (c/a) increased from 1.019 to 1.028 as the pyrolysis temperature was increased from 400 to 600 ℃. Raman spectroscopy showed that the phonon modes of A1(nTO) and E(nTO) increased with a redshift of the A1(3TO) mode as the pyrolysis temperature was increased. In the Fourier-transform infrared spectra of PTO-NTs embedded in the porous anodic alumina membrane, the transmittance of the band at 499 cm−1 increased as the pyrolysis temperature was increased, which might be due to an increase in the tetragonality. © 2016, The Korean Physical Society.FALS

Flexoelectric effect in the reversal of self-polarization and associated changes in the electronic functional properties of bifeo3 thin films

Flexoelectricity can play an important role in the reversal of the self-polarization direction in epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films. The flexoelectric and interfacial effects compete with each other to determine the self-polarization state. In Region I, the self-polarization is downward because the interfacial effect is more dominant than the flexoelectric effect. In Region II, the self-polarization is upward, because the flexoelectric effect becomes more dominant than the interfacial effect. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.149501sciescopu

Planar Josephson junctions fabricated with magnesium diboride films

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