Factors associated with abnormalities of the cytopathological uterine cervix test in South of Brazil

<div><p>Abstract Objectives: to identify factors associated with abnormal cytopathological test uterine cervix. Methods: it is a analytical study with the participation of 390 women who presented abnormal cytopathological from a city in the state of Paraná in 2012. They were randomly selected through sampling plan. Sociodemographic information such as age, marital status, education level and ethnicity were considered independent variables while the high or low-grade cytological lesions as dependent variable. We analyzed the data statistically by Yates Corrected test, Fisher exact test and measures of association by odds ratio. For all analyzes was considered significance level of 5% and 95% confidence interval. Results: the mean age was 38.8 years, 72.9% were married or common-law marriage, 49.7% with low education level and 87.4% race/color white. HPV contamination was detected in 49.7% of women and high-grade cytological lesions in 18.2%. The low educa-tional level (95%OR=4.07) and non-white ethnicity (95%OR=2.22) were strongly associated with the development to cervical lesions (p<0.05). Conclusions: sociodemoghaphic characteristics were crucial to high-risk lesions and development of cervical cancer, especially in women with low educational level and race/color black or brown. These results confirm the persistence of diseases related to preventable and avoidable causes in the country.</p></div

The Rise in Mortality from Breast Cancer in Young Women: Trend Analysis in Brazil

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death among women.</p><p>Objective</p><p>The objective of this study was to analyze time trends in overall mortality from breast cancer in Brazil, Brazilian regions and States.</p><p>Methods</p><p>This is an exploratory study, of the time series of deaths from breast cancer contained in the Mortality Information System (SIM), of women living in Brazil, Brazilian regions and States, from 1996 to 2013. For the trend analysis, the polynomial regression model was used, and a significant trend was considered when the estimated model obtained a p value <0.05.</p><p>Results</p><p>There was a tendency of increased mortality from breast cancer in Brazilian women (average increase of 0.18 per year; <i>p</i> <0.001), with regional differences, particularly in the age group 20–49 years (0.07 per year; <i>p</i> <0.001). The age group 50–69 years remained constant but had high average rates (37.14).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>More effective planning is needed to focus on the different scenarios of the Brazilian regions. Screening strategies for the incidence and mortality from breast cancer must also be rethought according to age group in the country.</p></div

Breast cancer mortality in Brazil across age groups over three time periods.

<p>(A) The data of mortality from the evolution of breast cancer in Brazil were assembled by age group along three time periods.</p

Trend models of the mortality rates from breast cancer according to age.

<p>Brazil, 1996–2013.</p

Trend models of mortality rates from breast cancer.

<p>Brazil, 1996–2013.</p

Mortality rate for breast cancer in women, according to place of residence, 1996–2013.

<p>(A) Presentation of mortality rate for breast cancer in Brazil and large regions along time period of eighteen years.</p

Distribution of the mortality rates from breast cancer in the Brazilian States.

<p>(A) Represents the thematic map of Brazil by regions and States and shows the distribution of the general mortality rates and age groups 20–49 years and 50–69 years in three-year periods (1996–1198, 2003–2005 and 2011–2013).</p

Comparison of <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> detection by Todd-Hewitt enrichment broth (TODD), sheep blood agar (SBA), and Hitchens-Pike-Todd-Hewitt (HPTH) culture media in pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of gestation.

<p>Comparison of <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> detection by Todd-Hewitt enrichment broth (TODD), sheep blood agar (SBA), and Hitchens-Pike-Todd-Hewitt (HPTH) culture media in pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of gestation.</p

Number of <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> positive pregnant women (35–37 weeks of gestation) detected by HPTH medium, Todd-Hewitt enrichment broth (TODD), and sheep blood agar (SBA) plating in anorectal samples.

<p>Number of <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> positive pregnant women (35–37 weeks of gestation) detected by HPTH medium, Todd-Hewitt enrichment broth (TODD), and sheep blood agar (SBA) plating in anorectal samples.</p

Prevalence of <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> in pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of gestation, based on clinical specimens tested with Todd-Hewitt enrichment broth (TODD), sheep blood agar (SBA), and Hitchens-Pike-Todd-Hewitt (HPTH) culture media.

<p>Prevalence of <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> in pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of gestation, based on clinical specimens tested with Todd-Hewitt enrichment broth (TODD), sheep blood agar (SBA), and Hitchens-Pike-Todd-Hewitt (HPTH) culture media.</p