Patent abdominal subcutaneous veins caused by congenital absence of the inferior vena cava: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Patent paraumbilical and abdominal subcutaneous veins are found frequently as collaterals in patients due to portal hypertension mainly in liver cirrhosis.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>For evaluation of portal hypertension in a 72-year-old Caucasian man without liver cirrhosis, magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium contrast-enhancement was performed and demonstrated a missing inferior vena cava. A blood return from the lower extremities was shown through enlarged collateral veins of the abdominal wall, vena azygos and hemiazygos continuation, and multiple liver veins emptying into the right cardiac atrium. We describe a rare case of abdominal subcutaneous wall veins as collaterals caused by a congenitally absent infrarenal inferior vena cava with preservation of a hypoplastic suprarenal segment.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Knowledge of these congenital variations can be of clinical importance and it is imperative for the reporting radiologist to identify these anomalies as they can have a significant impact on the clinical management of the patient.</p

Area indices and optimal cut-off values obtained from ROC curve analysis for height, weight, BMI, 15 specified SAT-layers, 4 Compartments, Total SAT and TBF% of 21 female athletes and 21 female non-athletes.

1<p>There are two possible hypotheses (H₀): that either small/large values provide stronger evidence for positivity.</p>2<p>Optimal cut-off value estimated by Youden-Index (Youden. 1950).</p>3<p>Not significant (p>0.05).</p>4<p>SAT thickness of 15 body sites in mm.</p>5<p>Body sites biceps+triceps.</p>6<p>Body sites front thigh+lateral thigh+rear thigh+inner thigh+calf.</p>7<p>Body sites upper abdomen+lower abdomen+lower back+hip.</p>8<p>Body sites neck+upper back+lateral chest+front chest.</p>9<p>Body sites 1–15.</p

Descriptive statistics of the two male groups.

<p>Data is Median ± interquartile range (1^st to the 3^rd quartile).</p>1<p>By Mann-Whitney U test.</p>2<p>Not significant (p>0.05).</p>3<p>By t-test for independent samples.</p>4<p>SAT thickness of 15 body sites in mm.</p>5<p>Body sites biceps+triceps.</p>6<p>Body sites front thigh+lateral thigh+rear thigh+inner thigh+calf.</p>7<p>Body sites upper abdomen+lower abdomen+lower back+hip.</p>8<p>Body sites neck+upper back+lateral chest+front chest.</p>9<p>Body sites 1–15.</p

Box plots of the neck measurement site in athletes and controls.

<p>The neck is the body site with the highest discriminating power in men. The black horizontal lines represent the median, the box represents the 1^st and 3^rd quartile, the whiskers the 5^th and 95^th percentiles. Outliers are represented by dots. Optimal cutoff is marked by a dotted horizontal line.</p

Area indices and optimal cut-off values obtained from ROC curve analysis for height, weight, BMI, 15 specified SAT-layers, 4 Compartments, Total SAT, and TBF% of 32 male athletes and 32 male non-athletes.

1<p>There are two possible hypotheses (H₀): that either small/large values provide stronger evidence for positivity.</p>2<p>Optimal cut-off value estimated by Youden-Index (Youden, 1950).</p>3<p>Not significant (p>0.05).</p>4<p>SAT thickness of 15 body sites in mm.</p>5<p>Body sites biceps+triceps.</p>6<p>Body sites front thigh+lateral thigh+rear thigh+inner thigh+calf.</p>7<p>Body sites upper abdomen+lower abdomen+lower back+hip.</p>8<p>Body sites neck+upper back+lateral chest+front chest.</p>9<p>Body sites 1–15.</p

Receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve for BMI, neck measurement site and trunk compartment of men.

<p>The curve describes the association between sensitivity and specificity at different thresholds. ROC curves that approach the upper leftmost corner represent highly accurate classifiers.</p

Receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve for BMI, upper back measurement site and arms compartment of women.

<p>The curve describes the association between sensitivity and specificity at different thresholds. ROC curves that approach the upper leftmost corner represent highly accurate classifiers.</p