O arrabalde da Bela Fria: contributos para o estudo da Tavira islâmica

Dissertação de mest., Portugal Islâmico e o Mediterrâneo, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Univ. do Algarve, 2011A presente dissertação apresenta os resultados da intervenção arqueológica realizada na face Noroeste da colina de Santa Maria em Tavira, durante a qual foi identificado um arrabalde de fundação almóada, bem como o embasamento de um torreão da muralha de que se desconhecia a existência. Ainda que o arrabalde enquanto entidade urbana tenha tido uma curta existência, estão atestadas diversas remodelações do espaço, evidenciadas, por exemplo, por vários níveis de pavimento. Por outro lado, as estruturas escavadas atestam um urbanismo cuidado, estando as habitações dispostas em torno da rede viária a qual é sulcada pelo saneamento público. O abastecimento de água ao arrabalde seria feito com recurso a uma nora, cuja existência apenas é comprovada pela presença significativa de alcatruzes. O estudo das cerâmicas exumadas, bem como a análise dos materiais recolhidos, permitiu aferir o carácter habitacional do espaço em análise, ainda que não se possa descartar totalmente a função artesanal

Estimating the Effect of a Retraining Program on the Re-Employment Rate of Displaced Workers

In this paper we estimate by matching techniques the effects of a French retraining program on the reemployment rate of displaced workers. This program, called "Conventions de conversion", was intended to improve reemployment prospects of displaced workers by proposing them retraining and job seeking assistance for a period of six months beginning just after the dismissal. Our empirical analysis is based upon non-experimental data collected by the French Ministry of Labour. Matching estimates show that this program succeeded in increasing the employment rate of trainees by approximately 6 points of percentage in the medium-term, namely in the second and third years after the date of entry into the program. This improvement is essentially due to an increase of their reemployment rate in regular jobs, namely jobs under long-term labour contracts.evaluation, retraining program, displaced workers, matching estimates

Do spatial constraints affect the job search efficiency?

Theoretical and empirical works on job search often neglect the role of unemployed environment like spatial constraints meets while searching for a job. This paper proposes a job search model where both the spatial search area and the reservation wage are assumed to be endogenous. We exploit data from a French survey conducted by Research Direction of Employment Ministry (DARES) to estimate the structural parameters of the model. First we estimate the choice of the search area, i.e. the choice between passive (receiving job offers through the local public employment agencies) and active strategies (extending the job search area using others search channels). Using a bivariate probit model, we highlight that this choice depends significantly on individual attributes and spatial constraints and that it affects job quality. Besides, the independence of irrelevant alternatives is not rejected. Secondly, using Gamma duration model we treat both individual and unobservable heterogeneity and the multiple destinations after unemployment (long-term jobs, short-term jobs and subsidised jobs). Moreover, estimations are made on sub-samples in which individuals are homogenous according to their level of diploma and their situation towards the unemployment insurance. Controlling for unobservable heterogeneity and selection bias, the econometric results show that the passive strategy is more efficient for lowgraduated people accessing a subsidised job. However, the active strategy is more efficient for high-graduated individuals accessing a full-term or a short-term job.job search, spatial constraints

Identifying causal paths between health and socio-economic status: Evidence from European older workforce surveys

relationship. In addition, such a relationship takes place early in life and keeps on evolving over time so that both one’s health and SES at a given point in time result from the cumulative effects of this spiral. Thus, only by simultaneously accounting for both pathways as well as for their dynamics would one be able to provide a clear picture of both the process of health accumulation and the dynamics of SES formation. We estimate a structural model where a variety of causal paths between different health dimensions and SES measures as well as their dynamics are simultaneously accounted for. This allows distinction between significant causal paths and insignificant ones, while accounting for endogeneity as well as for cofounders. We use the SOCIOLD survey where the targeted population is that of the older workforce (50 and older) from six EU countries (Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, the Netherlands and the UK). Our results show that (i) reverse causality is indeed a crucial issue: one’s previous socio-economic status influences current health and previous health influences current socioeconomic status, (ii) there are cumulative effects in the sense that both health and socio-economic statuses depend on their past values and (iii) the results are sensitive to whether simultaneity is explicitly accounted for or not.Health status; Socio-economic status; Causal paths; Asymptotic least squares

Materiais cerâmicos pré-romanos provenientes do sítio da Bela Fria (Tavira)

O sítio da Bela Fria situa-se na face norte da colina de Santa Maria. Recentes trabalhos arqueológicos realizados no local permitiram a identificação de um arrabalde almóada, sendo ainda de destacar a identificação de vestígios de ocupação que remontam ao Bronze Final. É possível que tenha havido escorrência de materiais cerâmicos para a área onde foi identificado o arrabalde, o que explicaria a presença destes materiais no local em análise. Embora tenham sido identificados no decurso da escavação de níveis islâmicos, os materiais cerâmicos alvo deste estudo apresentam uma cronologia mais antiga, integrando-se na já conhecida ocupação sidérica de características orientais. Destes destacamos as ânforas, a cerâmica de engobe vermelho, os pithoi e a cerâmica cinzenta, apresentando-se de um modo geral, muito fragmentados e rolados, sendo frequente a presença de concreções de carbonatos

The CSR-Firm Performance Missing Link: Complementarity Between Environmental, Social and Business Behavior Criteria?

This article analyses the complementarity between various dimensions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance. We hypothesise that the absence of consensus in the empirical literature on the CSR-financial performance relationship may be explained by the existence of synergies (complementarity) and trade-offs (substitutability) between the different CSR components. We investigate such relationships using a sample of 595 firms from 15 European countries over the 2002-2007 period. The results suggest some kind of trade-offs between CSR components. Some CSR combinations appear as relative complements, human resources and business behaviour towards customers and suppliers, suggesting mutual benefits and less conflicts between those stakeholders. Conversely, environment and business behaviour towards customers and suppliers appear as relative substitutes, suggesting more conflict or over investment between such types of stakeholders

Contraintes spatiales et accès à l'emploi : Applications microéconomiques à partir de l'enquête TDE

Working Paper du GATE 2002-01Individual transition from unemployment to employment is conditioned by various elements. If some of them concern directly the individual characteristics of workers, other ones implicate indeed their environment when searching for a job. The residential location, in town centre or in suburbs and high travel distances to each labour market areas or public intermediates for example are factors which can influence the exit rate of unemployment. Dealing with such an issue is the purpose of the paper. In a first stage we present a survey of the literature that treat about the introduction of spatial constraint in job search model. In a second stage, using the survey « Trajectoires des Demandeurs d'Emplois » from the French Ministry of Employment, we proposed non-parametric estimation of duration model and probit estimations to analyse the influence of the choice of spatial horizon during job search on the probability of finding a job.L'étude des effets des contraintes spatiales rencontrées par les chercheurs d'emploi au cours de leur prospection sur les conditions d'accès à l'emploi est restée peu exploré par la littérature. Ainsi, le lieu de résidence, l'éloignement des zones de concentration des emplois comme des agences publiques de placement sont autant de facteurs qui peuvent influencer le succès de la recherche d'emploi. Tel est l'enjeu de cet article où un survol des tentatives d'intégration des contraintes spatiales dans un modèle de recherche d'emploi est tout d'abord proposé. Le recours à l'estimateur de Kaplan-Meier et l'estimation économétrique de deux probit emboîtés à partir des données de l'enquête « Trajectoire des Demandeurs d'emploi » de la DARES permettent de mettre en évidence l'effet particulièrement discriminant du choix de l'horizon spatial de la recherche sur la probabilité d'accès à l'emploi

Contraintes spatiales et accès à l'emploi : Applications microéconomiques à partir de l'enquête TDE

L'étude des effets des contraintes spatiales rencontrées par les chercheurs d'emploi au cours de leur prospection sur les conditions d'accès à l'emploi est restée peu exploré par la littérature. Ainsi, le lieu de résidence, l'éloignement des zones de concentration des emplois comme des agences publiques de placement sont autant de facteurs qui peuvent influencer le succès de la recherche d'emploi. Tel est l'enjeu de cet article où un survol des tentatives d'intégration des contraintes spatiales dans un modèle de recherche d'emploi est tout d'abord proposé. Le recours à l'estimateur de Kaplan-Meier et l'estimation économétrique de deux probit emboîtés à partir des données de l'enquête « Trajectoire des Demandeurs d'emploi » de la DARES permettent de mettre en évidence l'effet particulièrement discriminant du choix de l'horizon spatial de la recherche sur la probabilité d'accès à l'emploi.estimateur de Kaplan-Meier, horizon spatial de la recherche, Théorie de la recherche d'emploi

Recherche d'Emploi, Contraintes Spatiales et Durée de Chômage

Un modèle de recherche d'emploi est proposé afin d'expliquer les déterminants du choix de l'horizon spatial de la recherche et l'effet de ce choix sur la durée du chômage. Cette question se trouve au croisement de deux champs d'application de la microéconomie : la microéconomie de l'emploi d'un coté, et la microéconomie spatiale de l'autre. Les propriétés de statique comparative d'un modèle de recherche à horizon spatial endogène sont soumises à réfutation en recourant à l'économétrie des modèles de durée. Les estimations ont été réalisées à partir de la base de données individuelles issues de l'enquête TDE de la DARES . Il ressort que l'élargissement de la zone de recherche permet de réduire la durée de chômage. L'accroissement des offres qui accompagne cet élargissement compense largement les coûts directs et d'opportunité liés à la prospection.distance domicile-travail; localisation des emplois; modèles de durée; recherche d'emploi

Independent directors: less informed, but better selected? New evidence from a two-way director-firm fixed effect model

This paper develops a two-way director-firm fixed effect model to study the relationship between independent directors’ individual heterogeneity and firm operating performance, using French data. This strategy allows considering and differentiating in a unified empirical framework mechanisms related to board functioning and mechanisms related to director selection. We first show that the independence status, netted out unobservable individual heterogeneity, is negatively related to performance. This result suggests that independent board members experience a strong informational gap that outweighs other monitoring benefits. However, we show that industry-specific expertise as well as informal connections inside the boardroom may help to bridge this gap. Second, we provide evidence that independent directors have higher intrinsic ability as compared to affiliated board members, consistent with a reputation-based selection process